such的倒装高考题_such倒装例句

1.一道倒装 高考题

2.倒装的高考例题

3.非谓语动词

4.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-谈谈英语中的倒装

5.高考英语语法考点总结

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(1)、疑问词+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever,

wherever, however用来引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how连用。

[例句]

Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.

无论发生什么事，我们都不能失去希望。

Whatever reasons you (may) have, you should carry out a promise. 无论你有什么理由，你都应该遵守诺言。

Whoever (=No matter who) comes, he will be warmly welcome. 无论谁来，都会受到热烈欢迎。

Whenever (=No matter when) it happened, it was certainly not yesterday.

此事无论发生在何时，但绝不是昨天。

Whenever you (may) call, you will find her sitting by the window. 无论什么时候你去找她，你都会看到她坐在窗边。

Wherever (=No matter where) he went, he made friends with people.

Whichever (=No matter which) of them you many choose, the quality will be the same.

他们当中不论你选哪一个，品质都一样。

However (=No matter how) hard I have tried, I can't find the answer.

(2)、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引导名词性从句，这时不能用no matter+疑问词替换。

[例句]

Take whichever you want. 你要哪个就拿哪个。

We will do whatever we can to help him out. 我们要尽力帮助他摆脱困境。

I'll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我就给你看什么。

Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁做这件事都要得到报酬。

Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在这种大雨中行走都会患感冒。

You may invite whomever(口语中常用whoever代替)you like to the party. 你可以邀请你喜欢的人来参加晚会。

Take whatever magazines you want to read. 你可以取阅任何你想读的杂志。

倒装结构

句型22

全倒装句型(一)

here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装

[例句]

There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 铃响了!

Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽车来了。

Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 该轮到你发言了。

Away went the thief when he saw the police.

Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了。

[注意]

(1)在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词，像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。

(2)主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：Away he went. 他走远了。

句型23

全倒装句型(二)

表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装;谓语动词多为be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物动词。

[例句]

On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。

In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停着一辆警车。

Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。

Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。

句型24

全倒装句型(三)

(表语)adj. / v-ing / v-ed +(地点状语)+ be(或其他动词形式)…

So adj./adv…that…如此……以至于……(so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装!) (这种结构是半倒装句。)

[例句]

Present at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出席会议的有经理，设计师和词作者。

Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗杆上有一面国旗。

Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有几个顽皮的孩子藏在门后面。

Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室后面的是几位老教师，他们在认真地听新教师的课。

Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses.

农民住在破旧房子里的日子过去了。

Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相声是中国典型的喜剧，两个演员通过玩弄词藻来逗乐观众。

So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.

他说英语非常清晰，别人都能听懂他的话。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光运行非常快，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。

一道倒装 高考题

《高中英语语法-“倒装”考点透析》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

?倒装?考点透析

倒装有两种情况：部分倒装（主语和助动词倒置）和全部倒装（主语和谓语完全倒置）。之所以使用倒装，一是为了句子的需要；二是为了语法结构的需要。?

一、为了句子意义的需要。

也就是为了强调句子的某一内容，并使上下文衔接紧密；或为了保持句子平衡。常见有下列情况：?

1.句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词，句中又有表示方位的副词（如the re，here，up，down，out，in，away等），为了强调该副词，可将其放于句首，而将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。如：?

Here comes the train to Beijing. 去北京的火车来了。?

There goes the bell. 铃响了。?

Down came the rain. 下雨了。?

但主语是人称代词时，主语仍置于动词之前。如：?

Away he comes. 他来了。?

Here it comes. 它来了。?

2.为了强调句中的状语或表语，为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如：?

At the front of the hall sat the headmaster.?

校长坐在大厅的前部。?

In this paragraph can be found an answer.?

在这段里能找到答案。?

3.为了强调only及其所修饰的状语（通常是副词、介词短语或从句），则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如：?

Only then did we realize that the man was blind.?

直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。?

Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.

直到1918年战争结束后，他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。?

4.将含有否定意义的副词（never，seldom，not，little，hardly等）置于句首以示强调时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如：?

Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.

一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。?

5.为了强调?not a+名词?或?not a single+名词?结构，将其置于句首时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如：?

Not a word did he say at the last meeting.?

在上次会议上他一句话都没说。

6. Hardly?when，no sooner?than，not only?but also引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。

如：?

Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.

他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。?

No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.?

我刚刚离开家就下雨了。?

但neither/not?nor引导两个分句时，这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。如：?

Neither do I know her address，nor does he.?

我不知道她的地址，他也不知道。?

Not could the patient eat，nor could he drink.?

那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。?

7.在?so+形容词?that分句?结构中，如将?so+形容词?置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。如：?

So moved was she that she could not say a word.?

她激动得一句话也说不出来。?

在?so+副词?that分句?结构中，如将?so+副词?置于句首以示强调时，其后的主谓作部分倒装。如：?

So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.

他的声音那么大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。?

So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.

光速如此之快，我们很难想象。?

二、由于语法结构的需要使用倒装。常见于下列句型：?

1.?So+助动词+主语?是一种常用于对前面所说的情况作简短回答的句型。如：?

I was late and so was she.?

我迟到了，她也迟到了。?

They loveshavingslots of friends，so do those with disabilities.

他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。?

2.?Neither/Nor+助动词+主语?是用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法的句型。如：?

She won?t go. Neither/Nor will I.?

她不走，我也不。?

I cannot swim. Neither can he （swim）。?

我不会游泳，他也不会。?

3.当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或should等时，如将if省略，则要将had，wer e或should等移到主语前，作部分或完全倒装。?

Had you come yesterday，you would have seen him.

若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。?

4.表示存在的句型?There be+主语?也属于倒装句之列。如：?

There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in the room.

搜狐教育社区 《高中英语语法-“倒装”考点透析》由liuxue86.com我整理

倒装的高考例题

应该选择D选项

首先从语义表达上看 B首先排除 应为句子意思表达的是肯定含义

其次 当一个句子里面有两个不同的谓语时，这时表达与...一样就有两种表达方式

So it is with sb / It is the same with sb 表达两个方面都与某人相同

例如 I am a good student and I like playing basketball ---- So it is with TOM/It is the same with TOM

因为此时若用常规倒装时就遇到麻烦 一个是助动词does 一个是be动词 is 这时两个就都不对了

非谓语动词

1. Not until all the fish died in the river __________ how serious the pollution was. (NMET 1995)

A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize

2. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once __________ with each other. (NMET2003)

A. they had quarrelled B. they have quarrelled

C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled

3. Little __________ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself. (1995上海卷）

A. does he care B. did he care

C. he cares D. he cared

4. __________ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.(1995上海卷）

A. If it is not B. Were it not

C. Had it not been D. If they were not

5. —David has made great progress recently.

—__________,and __________. (1997上海卷）

A. so he has; so you have B. so he has; so have you

C. so has he; so have you D. so has he; so you have

6. —It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.

—My God! __________. (1999上海卷）

A. So did I B. So I did

C. So were you D. So did you

7. Not a single song __________ at yesterday’s party. (2000上海卷）

A. she sang B. sang she

C. did she sing D. she did sing

8. So difficult __________ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (2001上海卷）

A. I have felt B. have I felt

C. I did feel D. did I feel

9. —You forgot your purse when you went out.

—Good heavens,__________. (2002 上海卷）

A. so did I B. so I did

C. I did so D. I so did

10. Only when your identity has been checked,__________. (2003上海卷）

A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in

C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in

11. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life __________ so happy! (2000北京春）

A. did I feel B. I felt

C. I had felt D. had I felt

12. __________ can you expect to get a pay rise. (2000北京春）

A. With hard work B. Although work hard

C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard

13. Only when the war was over __________ to his hometown.(2001上海春）

A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned

C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return

14. Not only __________ interested in football but __________ beginning to show an interest in it. (2002上海春）

A. the teacher himself is; all his students are

B. the teacher himself is; are all his students

C. is the teacher himself; are all his students

D. is the teacher himself; all his students are

15.—I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!

—__________. (2004广西卷）

A. Nor am I B. Neither would I

C. Same with me D. So do I

16. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither __________ any end to their influence man’s lives. (2004广东卷）

A. there is B. there are

C. is there D. are there 1. A。以 not until 开头的句子要用部分倒装； 是一般过去时，在主语前要加did，谓语动词用原形。句意为：直到河里的鱼全死了村民们才认识到污染的严重性。

2. C。由否定意义的词 never once 开头，句子用部分倒装。前一并列分句已经提示要用现在完成时态。

3. B。以 little,never,seldom,hardly 等含否定意义的词开头的句子要用部分倒装； 后文表明要用一般过去时，所以要用 did he care。

4. C。这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，后面的主句用would have done，从句用had done过去完成时，在if省略的情况下，则把had提到主语之前。

5. B。表示后者与前者的情况一样就用倒装； 如果是对上文加以肯定或强调“的确是这样”就不用倒装。句意是：“David 最近取得了很大的进步。”“是的，他取得了很大的进步，你也取得了很大进步。”

6. B。对别人的话表示赞成“的确如此”，不用倒装。句意是：“你太粗心大意了，你的衣服在外面放了一夜。”“哎呀！真的是这样。”

7. C。以 not 等否定意义的词开头的句子要用部分倒装。

8. D。以“so + 形容词”开头的句子要用部分倒装； 由 determined 可知用一般过去时。

9. B。句意是：天哪！我确实忘了带钱包。

10. D。only 加状语置于句首，要用部分倒装，排除 A 和 B; 又因 you 与 allow是被动关系，排除 C。

11. D。以 never 开头的句子要部分倒装； 表示过去（got the job ）的过去，要用过去完成时。

12. C。因题干是部分倒装句，只有答案 C 能构成倒装的条件：only 加状语开头的句子要用部分倒装。

13. A。only 加状语置于句首，要用部分倒装。

14. D。not only…but also连接两个分句时，仅仅是 not only 这一分句要部分倒装，but also 后不倒装， 故选D

15. B。因为表示甲不做某事，乙也同样不做某事，用“neither /nor +特殊词+主语”，“特殊词”用与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be相同，或根据前句的时态，用do,does,did。因前句中有would，后句应重复would，所以选B。

16. C。因为以表示“与…一样不/没有”的否定词neither开头，要用部分倒装，排除A和B; 又根据there be后的名词end是单数，be用is，而不用are，所以只有C正确。

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-谈谈英语中的倒装

高考英语语法专题讲解-主谓一致

★着重讲解混搭情况，均遵守以下原则:

1. 意义一致原则

主语后跟有以下引起的短语:谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。

1.1 (together) with: Alice (together) with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.

1.2 except/but: Every picture except/ but these two has been sold.

Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.

1.3 no less than: His sister, no less than you, is wrong.

1.4 rather than: The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.

1.5 perhaps : Peter, perhaps John, is playing with the little dog.

1.6 like: He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.

1.7 including/ besides/ as well as

2. 就近原则

2.1 主语由以下连词连接：谓语动词与后一个主语一致:

2.2.1(Either)…or…: Either you or I am going to the movies.

2.2.2 Neither…nor…

2.2.3 Whether…or…

2.2.4 Not only…but (also)

2.2.5 Not…but…

2.2 there be 句型: be 动词与后面第一个名词一致

E.g. There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.

2.3副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away, such连接的全部倒装结构中：谓语动词由动词后面的主语决定

On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。

On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。

Such is the result. 结果就是这样。

Such are the results. 这就是结果

3. 整体原则

3.1 并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词：

The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.

（一个人）

The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.

（两个人）

Bread and butter is their daily food.

3.2表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式：

E.g. Three years is not a long time.

Ten dollars is what he needs.

Five hundred miles is a long distance.

3.3复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式：

E.g. The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。

“The Arabian Nights”（《天方夜谭》）is an interesting book.

3.4集合名词people, police ,cattle作主语，谓语动词用复数形式：

E.g. The police are searching for him.

The cattle are grassing (吃草)。

4. 谓单原则

4.1 and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

E.g. Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.

No teacher and no student is absent today.

Many a student is busy with their lessons.

4.2 用many a, more than one 修饰名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

E.g. More than one person has made the suggestion.

Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.

4.3 Each, Either, One, Another, The other, Neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：

E.g. Each takes a cup of tea.

Either is correct.

4.4 由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：

E.g. Nothing is to be done.

4.5 means, politics, physics, plastics作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.

5. 具体情况原则

5.1 all, few, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定：

All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。

不可数-> 谓单

All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。

可数-> 谓复

Most of the wood was used to make furniture.

不可数-> 谓单

Most of the people are from England.

可数-> 谓复

5.2 the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式：

5.3 population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数：

5.4 the number of + 名词复数，是表示“…的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；

a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式:

5.5 有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience, 等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式：

6. 先行词原则

关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

高考英语语法考点总结

《高中英语语法-谈谈英语中的倒装》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

谈谈英语中的倒装

英语句子的基本语序是?主语＋谓语＋其它成分?，即主语在前，谓语在后。但有时出于修辞上的需要，我们将句子的整个谓语或者谓语的一部分放在主语前面，这就构成了倒装。倒装通常分部分倒装和完全倒装两种。

一、部分倒装

将谓语中的助动词或情态动词置于主语之前，就是部分倒装。部分倒装通常出现在以下场合：

1. 陈述句变为疑问句时，主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如：

They are talking about the new film. ? Are they talking about the new film？

They are talking about the new film. ? What are they doing？

2. ? only ＋ 状语 / 状语从句?位于句首时，句子的主语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如：

Only yesterday afternoon did I finish my experiment.

Only in this way can you catch up with your classmates.

Only when you get to the top of the mountain can you see the tower.

3. 表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如：

Never shall I do the same thing again.

Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.

Hardly had we finished our dinner when the electricity was cut off.

4. 在含有 had ， were ， should 的虚拟条件句中，可以省略 if ，将 had ， were ， should 放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。例如：

Had you come here， you would have met the film star.

Were I you， I would take the money.

Should any one come to set me free， I would make him very rich.

5. 在 so ? that ?句式中，如果 so 引导的部分前置，主句中的主语和谓语需用部分倒装。例如：

So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.

6. 当 so， neither， nor 位于句首时，可将其后与上面重复的谓语的一部分置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。例如：

? He has been to Beijing.

? So have I.

? Liu Jia can?t answer the question.

? Neither/Nor can Lai Fan.

说明：

1 ） so 位于句首时，具备三个条件才可以将主语和谓语部分倒装：① so 表示?也?的意思；②上句是简单句的肯定句；③上句的主语和 so 引导的句子主语不同。如果 so 所在的分句的主语与上句的主语相同，这时 so 的意思是?的确?， so 分句中的主、谓语无须倒装。例如：

? Jenny has decided to turn in the wallet.

? So she has.

2 ）上面的句子有两个或两个以上的分句，而且这些分句中的谓语动词又不属于同一类型，但它们所陈述的情况也适合另一个人或物时，常用的结构为： So it is/was with ? 例如：

? Li Juan is a pretty girl and she studies in No.1 Middle School of Enshi.

? So it is with Meng Lu.

二、完全倒装

将整个谓语部分置于主语之前即为完全倒装。这种完全倒装的语序出现在下列场合：

1. away ， down ， up ， in ， out 等副词位于句首且主语为名词时，可将 come ， go 等表示位置转移的动词放在主语之前；但主语为代词时，主语和谓语不倒装。例如：

The door opened and in came the teacher.

Down he sat by the table.

2. here 和 there 位于句首，且主语为名词时，可将主语和谓语全部倒装。例如：

Here is your rice.

There goes the bell.

3. 当句首的表语或状语是表示地点的介词短语时，句子中的主语和谓语要全部倒装。例如：

On the front wall is a blackboard. On the back wall hangs a map of China.

4. 有时为了使上下文紧密衔接，也要用完全倒装。例如：

They arrived at a farmhouse， in front of which sat a small boy.

5. 直接引语前置，引导语中的主语是名词时，主语、谓语通常要完全倒装。例如：

? Something is wrong with the machine， ? said Xiao Dan.

［巩固练习］

1. Look， ___________.

A. here the bus comes B. here is the bus coming

C. here comes the bus D. here the bus is coming

2. Out ___________， with a stick in his hand.

A. did Mike rush B. rushed Mike

C. Mike rushed D. Mike did rush

3. ___________， you can?t lift yourself up.

A. Even you?re strong B. In spite you?re strong

C. How strong you are D. Strong as you are

4. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages ___________ them well.

A. you can learn B. can you learn

C. you learned D. did you learn

5. Never before ___________ seen such a wonderful film.

A. am I B. was I C. have I D. shall I

6. Not only ___________ to stay at home， but he was also forbidden to telephone his friends.

A. he was forcing B. he was forced

C. was he forcing D. was he forced

7. No sooner ___________ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.

A. she had fallen B. had she fallen

C. she had fell D. had she fell

8. Hardly ___________ down ___________ he stepped in.

A. had I sat； when B. I had sat； when

C. had I sat； when D. had I sat； than

9. ? She has passed the exam.

? ___________.

A. So am I B. So have I

C. So I have D. So I am

10. ? He didn?t meet Mr Smith.

? ___________.

A. Neither did she B. Nor didn?t she

C. Neither she did D. So didn?t she

Key ：

1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C

6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A

湖北?杨顺学 《高中英语语法-谈谈英语中的倒装》由liuxue86.com我整理

一．非谓语动词

一．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生

2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前

二）不定式常考的考点：

1）不定式做定语----将要发生

2）不定式做状语----目的

3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；

+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）

" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to

I 'd like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.

3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET

1995）

A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C）

五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。

He needs (a lot of) encouraging.

二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词

1)是名词 seeing is believing

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.

一)动名词的形式:

一般形式：I don't like you smoking.

完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式：This question is far from being settled.

二) 动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．（MET 1992）

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)

I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)

forgot remember的用法类似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。

try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.

try -ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

prefer的用法：

我宁愿在这里等。

3 分词：

现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态

现在分词的形式:

1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)

2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)

3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)

过去分词

1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.

2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)

这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。

二：虚拟语气和情态动词

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别，因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中，命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词，除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外，还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。

一、用"情态动词＋have ＋done"结构表示对过去动作的推测，高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 "对立统一"来概括。

1．当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明，且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时，我们可用"统一"关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有：

must have done：

表示对过去动作的肯定推测，常译作"一定做了……"，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't／couldn't have done?

疑问式为Can／Could...have done？。

could ／might have done：表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作"可能做了……"。如：

1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he

＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture． ?(上海 2000)

A． couldn't have attended

B． needn't have attended

C． mustn't have attended

D． shouldn't have attended

本题选A。

2) Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海'97

A． mustn't have arrived

B． shouldn't have arrived

C． can't have arrived

D． need not have arrived （C）

2．当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助"but, however, instead"等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这时我们就可以用"对立"关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有：

should have done ／ ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。

should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。

由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。

二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义，并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。

虚拟语气

" 最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）

本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。

这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"（而现在却还没有……）

（本来可以……，本来能……）

一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉

o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;

o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;

o require, request;

o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.

由于他们的含义中包含"建议，假设，应该"这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。

这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其他的变形

主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句

It's suggested that…

My suggestion is that…

The only suggestion that...

The only suggestion I can give you now is that…

一些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的情况

important; necessary; essential

It's natural ; strange; incredible that

a pity; a shame; no wonder

? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should

" 表达与事实相反

1. 与现在相反：使用[过去时]：

I wish I were not here! (一般现在'一般过去)

Suppose we were not here.

He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在'一般过去)

Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行'过去进行)

If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成'过去完成)

What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行'过去完成进行)

常考句型：It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…

这两个从句，只能表达对现在的看法，所以，从句中只有一般过去时。

2. 与过去相反：过去完成时；

3. 与将来相反？将来的事情没有发生，所以只能推测且实现可能很小

I wish he could not smoke any more.

不过，由于可以用be to表示将来；所以，虚拟语气中经常出现were to；也是CET-4的常考语法点。

" 虚拟条件句

o if 部分，做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去和过去完成）

o 主句部分，这是表示基于这个假设的推测，一般使用情态动词would，少数情况下使用could/might/should。

o 注意：两个部分之间，是有逻辑关系，而在两部分的谓语动词时态上，没有必然的联系。

" 注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，产生倒装。

" 隐含的非真实条件 :由特殊的词给出条件: with, without, in , but for, otherwise, or

How could I be happy without you? In his shoes, I would kill myself.

But for the storm, we would have arrived.

三、一致关系

一)主谓一致

1． 主谓一致（与插入语无关）

1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致：

3随前一致：

n. + together with n2

as well as

including

along with

with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原则：n1 or n2 +v（就近原则）

either n1 or n2

5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)

不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外：war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

类似的还有：law and order bread and

butter black and white

To love and to be loved is …

A lawyer and a teacher are…

A lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)

7百分比结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

of+n1+v.（由n1决定

8倒装结构的主谓一致：

a）There be +n 由名词决定动词

b）Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：

Among / Between …+系动词+n. （由名词决定动词）

9The+adj的主谓一致：

a）当表示"一类人"，

b）当表示某一抽象概念时

The good is always attractive.

10 To do/doing/主从+vs

*More than one+n

many a +n.

a day or two

二)、倒装

1 全部倒装

是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：Up went the plane = the plane went up.

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

2) 表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

注意：1) 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 谓语动词是be的时候，不能倒装。 Here it is. Here you are.

3） 形容词短语/分词短语位于句首，引起倒装

*typical of characteristic of

*coinciding with + n

4） 表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词为系动词，一定引起倒装

In…（表语）+系动词+主，主同。

*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there

*常考介词要倒装：among between in at beneath

常考的系动词：be lie exist remain rest

部分倒装

1． 否定 adv 位于句首，引起倒装：not only, not until, hardly, scarcely,

seldom, rarely, no sooner…than

1） not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装，not until + 句子+主谓倒装

2） only+状语位于句首

only +ad. eg: recently

prep.短短语 eg: in recently years

从句 eg: when clause

only一个词本身不倒装

3） 在比较级结构中，than后面可以倒装，也可以不倒装。

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

? 1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定，产生倒装，一般主动词提前，谓语动词的其他部分就

4) as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

as〔让步〕虽然，尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功，却不骄傲。

Women as she is, she's every brave.

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意：A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

5) 其他部分倒装

a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.

c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.

四、复合句

从句可分为：

? 名词性从句' 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

? 形容词性从句'定语从句

? 副词性从句'状语从句

" 常考的关系代词：that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。

" 常见的同位语从句现行词（that之前的抽象名词）：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…

" 常用的引导词

o 时间状语从句：while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…

o 地点状语从句：where; wherever

o 原因状语从句：because; since; as; seeing that; considering that; now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because of the fact that; due to the fact that…

o 方式状语从句：as; as if; as though; how; save that…

o 比较状语从句：as; than; as… as; not so… as; hardly… than;

o 结果状语从句：so that; so… that; such… that; so as to…

o 条件状语从句：if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as; provided/providing/that; supposing; granted/granting that…; giving that…

o 让步状语从句：though; although; even if; even though; whether; as; however; no matter (what, how, when); for all that; in spite of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that…

o 目的状语从句：that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in case…

定语从句:

which 引导的定语从句结构

1）which是关系代词，which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子，

在这个句子中，which要作成分，作主语或者宾语

2）in which+完整的句子

which在定语从句中作in的宾语，所以不能作后面句子的主语

3）名词+of which+谓语动词

of which来修饰名词，名词在定语从句中作主语，所以后面直接跟谓语动词

I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.

4）介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。

The key with which to open the door is lost.

5）定语从句的省略结构：

1． 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语，可以省略.

sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt

→s+vt+n+s+v

s+vt+n1+n2+vt

*当做题时，若发现两个名词在一起，但是似乎连不上，则一定省略that /

which，则动词为vt，做谓语。

6）定从的特殊省略

the way (in which) + 句子

the reason (why that)+句子 均为完整句

the time (that / when)+句子

I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.

By the time省that+句子，句子。

7）定从的主系省略（主+系可同时省）

即：which be , who be , that be可同时省

状语从句省略结构

这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件：

第一、特定的状语从句引导词：although though even though when while if as

第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致；

第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词，主语和be动词同进同出，比如上面的they和are要么同时省略，要么同时保留。

高考英语插入语及插入句的用法

在NMET中，插入语屡见不鲜，由于插入语通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系，因此给考生的理解带来一定困难。插入语多半用逗号与句子隔开，用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。

一、常用做插入语的副词

indeed的确， surely无疑， however然而， obviously显然， frankly坦率地说， naturally自然， luckily (或happily) for sb.算某人幸运， fortunately幸好， strangely奇怪， hone stly真的， briefly简单地说等。

1. Surely， she won?t go to China Telecom with you.

当然她不会和你一起去中国电信。

2. Strangely， he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely， he has not called me.

奇怪，他未来过中国联通。更奇怪，他没给我打电话。

3. Fortunately， I found the book that I?d lost.

幸亏我找到了已丢失的那本书。

二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语

true真的， funny真可笑， strange to say说也奇怪， needless to say不用说， most impor tant of all最为重要， worse still更糟糕的等。

1. Strange to say (或True)， he should have done such a thing.

说也奇怪(或真的)，他竟然做出这样的事。

2. Most important of all， you each over?fulfilled your own task.

更为重要的，你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。

三、常用作插入语的介词短语

in a few words(或in sum， in short)简而言之， in other words换句话说， in a sense在某种意义上， in general一般说来， in my view在我看来， in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意见(判断)， in conclusion总之， in summary概括地说， in fact事实上， in the first place首先， in addition此外， of course当然， to our knowledge据我们所知， to my joy(delight， satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的， to their surprise(astonis hment， amazement)使他们惊奇的， to her regret (disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的， for instance(或example)例如， as a matter of fact事实上等。