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湖南历年英语高考真题_2008湖南英语高考

tamoadmin 2024-06-04 人已围观

简介1.高考英语语法练习题,分块(名词、代词、时态等 )的那种。答案附后面的那种,不要题和答案在一起的那种。2.几道2008高考英语题,寻求解答3.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-H4.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-A5.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-D6.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-F7.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-S8.求2008四川 湖北 江西 高考英语优秀作文~!(假期作

1.高考英语语法练习题,分块(名词、代词、时态等 )的那种。答案附后面的那种,不要题和答案在一起的那种。

2.几道2008高考英语题,寻求解答

3.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-H

4.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-A

5.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-D

6.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-F

7.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-S

8.求2008四川 湖北 江西 高考英语优秀作文~!(假期作业用 不要答案)

湖南历年英语高考真题_2008湖南英语高考

已发送。百度ID:天之痕40

(注:并非包括所有地区,但几乎全面。所有MP3及录音稿均已核对完毕,无误。)(MP3文件,例如“2008福建、安徽、江苏、江西、辽宁、全国卷I”,

是指这几个地区的高考听力部分完全一样。)

2008-2010全国各地英语高考听力录音稿总目录

2010全国各地高考卷听力(录音稿)

1、安徽卷 2、北京卷 3、福建卷

4、广东卷 5、湖北卷 6、湖南卷

7、江苏卷 8、江西卷 9、辽宁卷

10、全国卷I(河南、河北、山西、广西)

11、全国卷II(贵州、云南、甘肃、新疆、内蒙古、青海、西藏)

12、山东卷 13、陕西卷 14、上海卷

15、四川卷 16、天津卷 17、新课标全国卷

18、浙江卷 19、重庆卷

2009全国各地高考卷听力(录音稿)

1、安徽卷 2、北京卷 3、福建卷

4、广东卷 5、湖北卷 6、湖南卷

7、江苏卷 8、江西卷 9、辽宁卷

10、宁夏、海南 11、全国卷I(河南、河北、山西、广西)

12、全国卷II(黑龙江、吉林、甘肃)

13、山东卷 14、陕西卷 15、四川卷

16、天津卷 17、浙江卷 18、重庆卷

2008全国各地高考卷听力(录音稿)

1、安徽卷 2、北京卷 3、福建卷

4、广东卷 5、湖北卷 6、湖南卷

7、江苏卷 8、江西卷 9、辽宁卷

10、全国卷I(河南、河北、山西、广西、宁夏、海南)

11、全国卷II(黑龙江、吉林、甘肃)

12、山东卷 13、陕西卷 14、四川卷

15、天津卷 16、浙江卷 17、重庆卷

注:高考有些地区的听力是一样的;有些地区有时有听力,有时没有听力;还有些地区压根就没听力。

高考英语语法练习题,分块(名词、代词、时态等 )的那种。答案附后面的那种,不要题和答案在一起的那种。

b

1、base与basis

这两个词在作名词时可表示"基础;基地",但其意义是不同的。base用来指某物体的具体"基础"或底部的"支柱"。

例如:we camped at the base of the mountain.我们在山脚下扎营。

our company's base is in new york , but we have extended many branches all around the world.我们公司的总部设在纽约,但是分公司遍及全世界。

而basis则用来表示抽象意义上的"基础",常用于比喻句。

what's the basis of your opinion?你的意见的根据是什么?

we are willing to develop economic relations with all countries on the basis of mutual benefits.我们愿意在互利互惠的原则下同各国发展经济关系。

2、be about to这个短语与"be to do","be going to do"两个短语都可用来表示"将要做某事,但含义和用法有所不同。be about to 从时间上来讲,等于be just going to do,意思是"即将,马上就要去做"。因此,在由这个短语构成的句子中,一般不可再加上表示时间的状语(如at once, next)

例如:i am about to leave for shanghai.我将要去上海。

be to do主要表示安排或计划要在将来做的事情,它还可以表示命令等语气,相当于should, must 等。它可以同将来的时间状语连用。

例如:the us president bill clinton is to visit japan next week.美国总统比尔?克林顿将于下周访日。the letter is to be handed to him in person.这封信必须面交他本人。

be going to do 一般可以和be to do 换用,它在通常情况下表示计划,安排或准备去做某事的意向,但并不一定马上去做。它一般都与时间状语连用;此外,它还可以用来表示某种推断或可能性。

例如:what are you going to do for your holiday?假期有什么打算吗?it's going to rain soon, look at those black clouds.看那些乌云,快要下雨了。

3、beat; hit; strike这三个词都有"打;击;敲"的意思,但仔细分辩,还是有其各自的用法。beat 表示"连续不断地打击";尤其指心脏的跳动。hit表示"撞击"(尤指一次性的)或命中(目标)。而strike除了与hit同义外,还可以理解为划(火柴);给人深刻印象等。

例如:the man looked dead but his heart was still beating.这个人看上去已经死了,可心脏还在跳动。he hit the ball so hard that it went over the wall.他使劲地击球,结果球越过了墙。

she struck (or: hit) him hard on the head with a vase.她用一只花瓶使劲地往他头上一敲。

he went in, struck a match and lit a candle to give light. 他进屋,划了根火柴并点燃了蜡烛照亮了房间。the foreigner was deeply stricken by the beauty of the west lake.外宾对西湖之美印象极深。

4、before long; long before这两个词组只是在顺序上有所颠倒,其含义却完全不同。before long = soon ,表示"不久以后"。

例如:i hope you will be back before long.我希望你不久就回来。

而long before = long time ago很久以前,

例如:i saw that american film long before.我很久以前就看过那部美国**了。

有时long before后面可以跟一个句子,这时候before是连词,引出一句时间状语,表示"在…… 前很久"的意思。

例如:he had been a party member long before he came to our school.他到我们学校来之前早就是一个党员了。

5、begin这个词看来再普遍不过了,但它用于某些词组时,其意思就会有所不同,让我们看一下:

1.begin by 作"先(做某事)"解。

例如: i must begin by telling you about the factory itself. 我先给你们谈一谈工厂本身。

2.begin with它的意思是以…开始。

例如:knowledge begins with practice.知识从实践开始。

3.to begin with

1). 首先we can't go. to begin with, it's too cold. besides, we've no money.我们不能去。首先天太冷。此外,我们没有钱。

2). 开始时to begin with, they had little support but later on people began to trust them.开始时支持他们的人很少,但后来人们开始信任他们了。

6、believe与believe in。 believe作及物动词时,其后可跟名词,表示相信的意思;后接从句时表示认为。

例如:i don't believe his story.我不相信他所说的。i believe he told us the truth.我认为他告诉我们的是真的。

而believe in是一个动介型短语动词,这时believe是不及物动词,一起表示信任即trust" 的意思。

例如:she doesn't believe in god.她不信奉上帝。

they believe in astrology and let it rule their lives completely.他们相信占星术并且由它来绝对支配他们的生活。

believe与believe in的后面均可接人的名词或代词,但其意义不同。试比较:i believe in him. (= i trust him.) 我信任他。i believe him. (= i believe what he says.)我相信他的话。

7、beside与besides

8、blow up与blow out。

9、break into与break in10、burn out与burn up

11、but do与but to do12、by heart与at heart

13、by turns与in turn。

14、by chance与by any chance。

15、but for与but that。

我们的论坛,还有更多b打头的英文单词详解。希望我们今天的努力,成就您明日的辉煌。

几道2008高考英语题,寻求解答

你看看这种形式的行不!行的话,给我你的邮箱。我给你发word版,每个专项我都有

定语从句专项训练

题组一:2009年全国高考题

1.(09山东24)Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

A. who B. which C. when D. that

2.(09宁夏海南28)She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.

A. them B. who

C. whom D. these

3.(09江苏23)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.

A. if B. when C. which D. since

4.(09天津5)A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever

5.(09陕西11)Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.

A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which

6.(09上海34)Mozart’s birthplace and the house ______ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now Ks5u

A. where B. when C. there D. which Ks5u

7.(09江西26)The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which

8.(09四川20)She’ll never forget her stay there _ __ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

9.(09辽宁23)They’ve won their last three matches. ________I find a bit surprising

A. that B. when C. what D. which

10.(09福建24)It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

11.(09浙江14)I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

A. which B. where C. how D. why

12.(09重庆34)Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

A. why B. what C. that D. where

13.(09湖南26)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.

A. which B. of which C. that D. whose

14.(09全国Ⅱ17)My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.

A. which B. that C. where D. it

15.(09北京26)—What do you think of teacher ,Bob?

—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .

A. where B. which C. when D. that

题组二:2008年高考题

1.(08北京28)I’ll give you my friend’s home address, I can be reached most evenings?

A.which B.when C.whom D.where

2.(08安徽26)All the neighbors admire this family, the parents are treating their child like a friend.?

A.why B.where C.which D.that

3.(08江西35)Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.

A.where B.when C.who D.which

4.(08湖南31)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, are beyond our control.

A.most of them B.most of which? C.most of what D.most of that

5.(08陕西13)The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.?

A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of? C.which the hands of D.the hands of which

6.(08四川4)For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread out further, New

York is an example.

A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which

7.(08重庆21)They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.

A.where B.there C.which D.when

8.(08浙江8)Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

9.(08福建31)By nine o’clock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon.

A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which

10.(08江苏24)The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain,is one of London’s tourist attractions.

A.which B.what C.that D.where

11.(08山东26)Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

A.who B.which C.why D.when

题组四:2009年联考题

1.(09北京市东城区高三二模试题)

It is really hard to find a nice place in this city we can have a picnic.

A.where B.that C.which D.when

2.(09北京市海淀区高三二模)

They went on well at first but eventually everything ______ they had worried about happened.

A.which B.what C.that D.when

3.(09北京市西城区高三二模)

The small mountain village we spent our holiday two years ago lies in Hubei.

A.what B.where C.that D.which

4.(09北京市宣武区高三二模)

He liked to go to dances and parties. he could have a good time just sitting and watching.

A.where B.when C.which D.why

5.(09山东省莱芜二中高三二模检测)

We went to Mountain Tai last weekend, ________, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.

A.that B.which C.where D.when

6. (09山东省聊城市高三二模)

Bay, Amazon and Wall Mart are popular websites ______ people can sell goods to each other.

A. where B. which C. when D. whose

7.(09山东省诸城市高三二模)

Safety in schools has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents _____ students got injured or killed while in school.

A.in which B.for which C.which D.when

8.(09山东省淄博市高三二模)

Just as Kobe Bryant said, Yao Ming has built the bridge for all of us, ____ is not only for the sport of basketball, but for the different cultures of this world.

A.who B.it C.which D.that

9.(09天津市河北区高三年级总复习质量检测(二))

When young Tom cried,Father often told him that tears were signs of being weak _____a man wasn't supposed to be.

A.that B.which C.where D.whom

10.(09天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查)

Both the family and the society exceptional children live are often the key to

their -growth and development.

A.which B.what C.in which D.that

11.(09天津市红桥区高三英语二模)

The Sanlu milk powder incident happened in September 2008, many countries

around the world paid close attention to.

A.that B.when C.which D.what

12.(09浙江省杭州市第二次高考科目教学质量检测)

The beautiful village, we spent our holiday last month,lies at the foot of a mountain.

A.what B.that C.which D.where

13. (09河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟)

As a coach,you should know clearly about the direction _______your team should develop.

A. to which B. in which C. on which D. for which

14.(09辽宁省沈阳二中高三二模)

About 200 Chinese businessmen left for Europe yesterday, they would sign a series of deals worth up to 15 billion U.S dollars.

A.when B.what C.which D.where

15.(09临沂市高三教学质量一模)

Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States and the first ______ native language was not English but Dutch.

A.that B.whose C.Which D.where

16.(09福建省厦门市高三一模试题)

We then moved to Parisin 2001, we lived for six years.

A.when B.where C.that D.there

17. (09江苏省南通市高三一模试题)

I’m told that languagepractising.com is a free website ______learners can not just learn

various languages but also chat online.

A. where B. which C. that D. what

18. (09高考北京市东城区高三一模试题)

I am very grateful to my high school teachers, without ________help I wouldn’t be so excellent.

A. whom B. them C. which D. whose

19.(09高考北京市高三4月抽样试题)

More wild tigers have been seen in the forest around this area, there used to be very few.

A.when B.where C.what D.which

20.(09高考北京市海淀区高三4月期中练习)

Last week,we watched Beijing Opera, style was unfamiliar to most of us.

A.what B which C.where D.whose

21.(09高考山东省潍坊市高三一模)

English online.corn is a free site_________visitors can not just learn the English language

but also chat online.

A.where B.which C.that D.what

22.(09安徽省示范高中皖北协作区高三联考)

—Where did you meet him while in Beijing?

—It was in the hotel I stayed.

A.that B.which C.when D.where

23.(09山东省青岛市高三教学统一质量检测)--- Where did you meet the famous actress?

--- It was in the supermarket we went shopping last Sunday.

A.which B.that C.where D.there

24.(09江西省十所重点中学联考盟校第一次模拟考试)

The supermaket provides cheap food all its customers can afford.

A.$such:that B.such;so C so;that D.such;as

25. (09南京市高三第一次调研测试)

He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ was translated into a foreign language.

A. them B. what C. that D. which

26. (09南京市高三第一次调研测试)

Everyone has periods in their lives ______ everything seems very hard.

A. when B. where C. which D. that

27.(09山东省高三教学质量检测)

All the neighbors admire this family, the children and parents build up a friendly

relationship.

A.why B.where C.which D.that

28. (09石家庄市高中毕业班第一次模拟考试)

Tibet is a beautiful part of China, without ______our country would be incomplete.

A. it B. what C. where D. which

题组一:2009年全国高考题

1.(09山东24)答案B 解析本题考查连词的用法,非限制性定语从句,指代前面一个句子,故用which.

2.(09宁夏海南28)答案C

解析 考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。句意为:她带着她的三个朋友,他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。表示“部分的词语+of+关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。

3.(09江苏23)答案B

解析 由于金融危机,当地五星级酒店一晚收费6000元的日子不复存在了。when引导的从句做days的定语。

4.(09天津5)答案C

5.(09陕西11)答案C

解析 考查定语从句,先行词是Gun control,指物,关系词在从句中做介词的宾语,介词前置,介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth,选C。

6.(09上海34)答案 A

7.(09江西26)答案 B

解析 本题考查定语从句。The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。

8.(09四川20)答案 C

9.(09辽宁23)答案 D

解析 考查非限定性定语从句关系词的辨析。此处意思是“我发现他们已经赢得了最后的三场比赛,这一点令人有点吃惊”,which代替上句“They’ve won their last three matches”做find的宾语,选D。A项不能用于非限制性定语从句中,B,C此处没有他们的意思。

10.(09福建24)解析 考查定语从句。先行词是situation,指物,亦可指地点,关系词在从句中做地点状语,用关系副词where,选D。

11.(09浙江14)答案 B

12.(09重庆34)答案 D

13.(09湖南26)答案 D

解析 考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语,意思为这个城市的名字。

14.(09全国Ⅱ17)答案 A

解析 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。)

15.(09北京26)答案 A

题组二:2008年高考题

1.(08北京28)答案 D

解析 由于先行词是home address表示地点,故定语从句中的关系词应为where。

2.(08安徽26)答案 B

解析 句意为:所有的邻居都对这个家庭赞赏不已,在这个家庭里,父母对待他们的孩子就像对待朋友一样。

family后跟非限制性定语从句,此处缺少地点状语,故用where。

3.(08江西35)答案 A

解析 这个从句应是定语从句,先行词是前面的cases,空白处在从句中作状语,应用where引导,指抽象的地点,意为“在这些案例中……”。

4.(08湖南31)答案 B

解析 句意为:植物的生长速度受诸多因素的影响,绝大多数的因素是我们控制不了的。which引导非限制性

定语从句,且作介词of的宾语。

5.(08陕西13)答案 D

解析 watch是物,故定语从句的引导词不可用whom,可排除A、B两项。由句意可知,空格处可填入whose hands或the hands of which表示所属关系。

6.(08四川4)答案 C

解析 句意为:对于世界上许多城市来说,没有可以进一步延展的空间,其中纽约是一个例子。表达“……中的一个……”应使用介词of,用以表示所属关系。

7.(08重庆21)答案 A

解析 where引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作地点状语。

8.(08浙江8)答案 D

解析 which引导非限制性定语从句,充当bought的宾语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

9.(08福建31)答案 D

解析 考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。which指代Mount Qomolangma,rainbow应在山峰的上空,故用介词above。

10.(08江苏24)答案 A

解析which引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词the Science Museum,同时又在从句中作visited的宾语。

where为关系副词,不能作宾语;that不能引导非限制性定语从句;what不能引导定语从句。

11.(08山东26)答案 D

解析 when此处为关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰先行词occasions,when在从句中作时间状语。

题组四:2009年联考题

1.(09北京市东城区高三二模试题)答案 A

2.(09北京市海淀区高三二模)答案 C

3.(09北京市西城区高三二模)答案 B

4.(09北京市宣武区高三二模)答案 A

5.(09山东省莱芜二中高三二模检测)答案 B

6. (09山东省聊城市高三二模)答案 A

7.(09山东省诸城市高三二模)答案 A

8.(09山东省淄博市高三二模)答案 C

9.(09天津市河北区高三年级总复习质量检测(二))答案 B

10.(09天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查)答案 C

11.(09天津市红桥区高三英语二模)答案 C

12.(09浙江省杭州市第二次高考科目教学质量检测)答案 D

13. (09河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟)答案 B

14.(09辽宁省沈阳二中高三二模)答案 D

15.(09临沂市高三教学质量一模)答案 B

16.(09福建省厦门市高三一模试题)答案 B

17. (09江苏省南通市高三一模试题)答案 A

18. (09高考北京市东城区高三一模试题)答案 D

19.(09高考北京市高三4月抽样试题)答案 B

20.(09高考北京市海淀区高三4月期中练习)答案 D

21.(09高考山东省潍坊市高三一模)答案 A

22.(09安徽省示范高中皖北协作区高三联考)答案 D

23.(09山东省青岛市高三教学统一质量检测)答案 C

24.(09江西省十所重点中学联考盟校第一次模拟考试)答案 D

25. (09南京市高三第一次调研测试)答案 D

26. (09南京市高三第一次调研测试)答案 A

27.(09山东省高三教学质量检测)答案 B

28. (09石家庄市高中毕业班第一次模拟考试)答案 D

2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-H

1. A , be expected to + v. 表示(被)预期的,有所料的

这里指被人们(气象人员)所始料,预测

不用 will 将来时,因为,天气属于自然情形,一般用一般现在时表示将来,如: the windstorm is about to come soon.

the day time is expected to be shorter and shorter from today on.

2. C , more slowly 暗示前面的动作就很slow,现在要更slow

B的语序不对

C a bit 修饰more,加上了a bit 就消除了A中的前提条件(slow),a bit more slowly = 慢点

3. suit后面是句号?

2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-A

h 

1、hair, a hair, hairs

hair指人或动物的?头发,毛发?。hair可指人或动物的全部?头发,毛发?,强调整体。作此解时,它是不可数名词。充当主语,用单数形式。如: what lovely hair the girl has!那女孩的头发真美! my mother's black hair was going gray.我妈妈的黑发正在变白。

a hair是指?一根头发或毛发?,此时的hair是可数名词的单数形式。如: i found a long golden hair on the tablecloth.我在桌布上发现一根金发。 the little boy has got a white hair on his head.这个小男孩的头上有一根白发。

hairs指?多根头发或毛发?,它是可数名词的复数形式,其前可有数词或表示数量的a few, several, many等词修饰。如: the cat has left its hairs all over my clothes.那只猫粘得我衣服上都是猫毛。 my aunt has a few gray hairs.我的婶婶已有几根白发。 

2、hand on, on hand

hand on是一动副型短语动词,一般用作及物动词,表示?传下去;转交?等意思。例如:everyone in class should read this, so when you have finished, please hand it on.班上每个人都应把这看一下,所以你看完后,请往下传。that family trait is handed on from father to son.那种家风是父子相传的。would you hand on this telegram to your friend?你把这份电报转交给你的朋友好吗?

on hand是一习语,在句中作表语或状语,意为?现有在手头的;准备好了的?和?在近处,在手边;临近?等,含有即将来临的意味。例如:i am sorry i have no cash on hand.对不起,我手头没有现金。always have your dictionary on hand when you study.学习时要随时把词典放在手边。 soon school will end and vacation will be on hand.学期即将结束,假期就要来临。 

3、happen, take place这两者都表示?发生?。

happen为?发生,(偶然)发生?,较多地用来指某个事件的突然发生,强调其偶然性,主语往往是事件,事故等一类的词汇。它也可后接动词不定式,及用于it happens that...结构,表示?碰巧?的意义。如: the road accident happened under my eyes.我亲眼目睹了这场交通事故。 i never know what's going to happen next.我永远不知道将会发生什么。 my cousin happened not to be at home.我的表兄碰巧不在家。 how does it happen that you know her?你怎么会碰巧认识她的?

take place为?发生,举行?,常指有计划安排的事情的发生与进行,不含偶然的意味。如: when does the popular concert take place? 这场流行音乐会几时开始? the talk is planned to take place in the great hall of the people on december 9. 这次会谈将定于十二月九日在人民大会堂举行。 the conversation with the principal of our school took place several hours ago. 这个由我校校长参加的会议是在几个小时前举行的。 great changes have taken place in our country since 1980. 自1980年以来,我们的国家发生了翻天覆地的变化。

在不强调偶然性与计划性的场合,两者有时可以通用。如: what has happened / taken place?发生了什么? the may fourth movement happened / took place in 1919.五四运动发生在1919年。 

4、hanged, hung

动词hang的过去式和过去分词分别有两种形式,即hanged, hanged和hung, hung,但由于它们的意义不同,所以易引起混淆。hanged是动词hang作?绞杀,吊死?讲时的过去式或过去分词。例如:the judge sentenced the criminal to be hanged.法官判处罪犯绞刑。she hanged herself.她上吊死了。

hung是动词hang作 "悬、挂"的意思时的过去时或过去分词。例如:the hall is hung with red flags.大厅里挂着红旗。i hung the picture yesterday.我昨天把画挂了起来。 

5、happen, happen to

happen是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,其过去分词也不能用作形容词。它常指某事情,事故,故事等?发生?,主语往往为表示事物的名词或代词。此外,happen后亦可接动词不定式和that从句,表示?恰好,碰巧?的意思。后接动词不定式时,主语必须是表示人的名词或代词;其后若接that从句,常用it作形式主语,that从句作真正主语的结构形式,即it happens that... 。例如:many changes have happened in our country since liberation.解放以来,我国发生了很多变化。we happened to be only two miles short of the plant.当时我们恰好离厂只有两英里。it happened that she was there.恰好她在那儿。

happen to是一习语,意为?临到,发生于?,其中to是介词,后接表示人或事物的名词或代词,主语通常是anything, something, what等。例如:if anything happens to him, let me know.如果他发生意外,就通知我。what happened to the machine?机器出了什么毛病? 

6、harm, hurt, injure, wound这一组动词均表示?伤害,损害?。

harm表示引起对身体,物质或精神上的严重损害,常指伤害人的肉体,损坏东西以及损害健康,品 质,事业等。如: hard drinking will harm your stomach.过量饮酒会伤胃。 i don't believe those fairy tales will harm our students. 我认为那些神话故事不会对我们的学生有害处。 there was a fire in the street, but the theatre wasn't harmed at all. 街上起火了,但是那家戏院完好无损。

hurt常指思想感情方面的伤害,含有引起极大苦恼之意。当指肉体上的伤害时,强调疼痛的剧烈程 度。hurt的过去分词只能作表语,不能作定语,而本组内的其他动词则无此限制。如: it hurts me when you talk like that.你那样同我说话,我很心痛。 my head still hurts.我的头仍然很疼。 she was hurt to think of her not being invited to the party. 一想到没被邀请去参加那个聚会,她就感到受到了伤害。

injure着重指人的容貌、内部器官、生理机能的损害,常与harm通用,但更强调伤势的严重。它也可指对人精神的伤害。如: you will injure yourself by smoking too much.过度抽烟对你的身体有害。 the boy injured his shoulder while playing football.在踢足球时,他弄伤了自己的肩部。 she was so injured in her pride that she rushed out into the dark street. 她的骄傲受到了伤害,所以她冲到了漆黑的大街上.

wound专指外力对身体造成的伤害,尤其指战争和灾害中的受伤,一般指外伤,不指内伤。它也可指感情,荣誉方面的创伤。如: the bullet wounded the soldier in the head.子弹击伤了这个战士的头部。 fifty pla men were wounded in the sea battle.在这场海战中,五十位人民解放军受了伤。 what you have said has seriously wounded the feeling of maggie. 你说的话伤透了麦琪的感情。 

7、hard, hardly这两个词词义相近,不少人常常将hardly误作hard的副词。其实hard本身也可用作副词,并且它们的用法和意义完全不同。

hard既可作形容词,意为?勤奋的;困难的?等;亦可作副词,表示?拼命地,努力地?的意思。例如:this is a hard work.这是一项艰苦的工作。he worked hard when he was young.他年轻时,工作努力。

hardly只用作副词,意思是?几乎不,简直不?,它与seldom, scarcely等词一样,本身含有否定的意义,故在句中不能另加否定词。此外,hardly 位于句首时,该句采用倒装语序。例如:i hardly know what to say.我简直不知道说什么好。what he said was hardly true.他说的话不会是真的。hardly can i endure this weather.我简直受不了这天气。

8、have a word with, have words with

have a word with表示?和?谈谈,说几句话?的意思。这种谈话往往是不够充分详尽的,或者说是很随便的。例如:i'll have a word with you this afternoon.今天下午我要和你说几句。i had a chance to have a word with him when we met accidentally at the drugstore.上次我们在药店偶然相遇的时候,我有机会和他交谈了一下。

have words with用于贬义,表示?和?发生口角,与...争吵?的意思,相当于quarrel with 。例如:they had words with their neighbours over some trifles.他们因一些琐事与邻居发生口角。they've had words with each other, i hear.听说,他们发生过口角。 

9、have, there be

have表示某人或某事物?拥有,具有,含有某人,某事物或某性质?,强调占有。如: the poor fellow had neither friends nor money.那个穷家伙既没有朋友也没有钱。 this sentence has two different meanings.这句话有两个不同的意思。 these two short stories have much in common.这两个小故事有很多相似之处。

there be表示某处?有?某人或某事物,强调存在。此结构中的there本身没有?在那里?的意思,需要 表达该意义时,句末须另加there。there be句型为倒装结构,谓语动词要和后面的主语保持人称与数上 的一致。当有几个并列的主语时,一般应以最靠近谓语动词的主语为准。此结构中还可以用助动词及情 态动词。如: there are exceptions to every rule.每个规则都有例外。 there was an apple tree and four pear trees in their courtyard. 他们的大庭院里有一棵苹果树和四棵梨树。 there used to be a chemical works there.那儿以前有个化工厂。 there can't be more than five or six hotels in this town. 在这个镇上,不可能有超过五六家宾馆。 let's get through the work quickly. there seems to be little time left. 我们赶快把工作完成,时间好像所剩无几。 

10、have sth. done, have sb. do, have sb. doing

have sth. done主要有两种用法和意义:1. 表示?使(让,要,叫)某事被做?,强调主语意志,过去分词done所表示的动作由他人完成。2. 以主语为重点,意味着对主语不利的事,常有?遭受?的含意。此时,done所表示的动作执行者不明。在使用中,done由其他实义动作执行者代替。例如:i have my photograph taken.我(让人)照了个相。i had my watch repaired yesterday.我昨天(让人)把我的表修了。he had his arm broken.他的胳膊折断了。he had his house burnt down in the fire.他的房子在大火中烧光了。

have sb. do 和have sb. doing都用来表示?让(使)某人做某事?的意思,动词do和doing的动作均由sb.执行。这两个词组不同的是前者的do表示一般意义,而后者的doing则强调一直做某个动作。在使用中,do和doing可由其他实义动词代换。例如:i had him take my photograph.我让他给我照相。he had joe clean his shoes.他要乔给他擦鞋。try to have her speaking!设法让她继续说话。 

11、have to, must

have to 和must 都可用来表示义务,有时可通用。前者比较强调客观需要,后者则着重说明主观看法, 表示个人的意志。试比较: you shall have to work hard if they want you to get it done this week. 如果他们要你这周完成这项工作的话,你就得努力工作。(表示外界条件的客观需要。) i must go there to help the poor. 我必须去帮助那些穷人们。(表示说话人自己的看法。) 在某些不需要强调这两种差别的场合,两者可以互相换用。如: i am afraid we have to / must leave now.我们恐怕必须得走了。

must还能表示一种揣测,作?一定,必定是?解,have to则无此意义。如: this must be the book you want. 这一定是你要的书。 he must have spent a long time writing this report. 他一定花了不少时间写这份报告。

2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-D

a

1. above all 表示“最重要的是;尤其”的意思。

例如:the local government faces many tough problems, and above all, pollution problem.当地政府面临许多问题,但首当其冲的是污染问题。

a capable candidate should be outstanding in many ways, and above all, confidence.一个称职的竞选者应在许多方面表现突出,但最重要的是自信心。

2. according to。according to是一个短语介词,意思是“按照或根据”。

例如:he will be punished according to the seriousness of his crime.他所受的惩罚要根据其犯罪的严重程度而定。

i will take the medicine according to the instruction.我会按说明来服药的。

我们又常常会碰到"according as"这一短语,那么这两者又有何联系呢?according as 是短语从属连词,后接从句。作“根据……而”或 “视……而定”解。例如:you will be praised or blamed according as your work is well done or not.根据你的工作表现好坏,将给予奖励或惩罚 。

3. account for这个词的意思比较多,归纳起来,有以下用法:

1). 解释,说明。例如:she was unable to account for '5000.她无法解释那5000美元的去处 。

2). 是……产生的原因,解释为什么有(某种情况)。例如:the police tried to account for the blood spot.警察试图解释这血迹是怎么来的。

3). 占。例如: students account for 50% of our customers. 在我们的顾客中,学生占了一半。

the tuition accounts for two thirds of his income. 学费占了他三分之一的收入。

4. act out 表示表演出来比划着(用手势及语言表演或表达)”的意思。

例如:the children were told to act out their favorite story.孩子们被要求表演他们最喜爱的故事。

the football fan is trying to act out the match he saw on tv.这个足球迷正试图连比带划地把他在电视上看到的比赛讲出来。

说到表演,则使人想起一个与之意思相关的另一个词组,也是高中阶段常用的词组之一,那就是"act as",意思是充当,担任,扮演……的角色。例如:she acted as a princess in the short play.她在这部短剧中扮演公主。many college students act as guides during their summer vacation.许多大学生在暑假里担任导游。

5. add to add to中的add是不及物动词,to为介词,一起构成及物动词词组,表示增加,增添的意思。

例如:they also raise fish and poultry, thus adding to the total income.他们还养鱼,饲养家禽以增加收入。

her son's death added to the old lady's sadness.这位老妇人因儿子之死而更加悲伤。

注意区别它与add…to以及add up to 的不同含义。add…to的意思是把……加到……上去。例如:would you please add a few notes to the article?请您给这篇文章加几条注释好吗?而add up to的意思是加起来等于,总计达。其中,add是不及物动词,up是副词,to是介词,一起构成及物动词词组。例如:the various building programs add up to several thousand new homes.各种各样的建筑项目构筑成了几千座新屋.the total figures add up to 270.总数加起来是270。

6. adventure与venture

这两个词都有冒险的意思,都可用作名词和动词。那么它们之间究竟有何不同呢?adventure多用于褒义场合,指危险中非常激动人心的经历。

例如:he talked about his adventure in the desert.他讲述了他在沙漠中的一些冒险经历。

venture主要用于商业上的冒险和投机活动,特别指那些不是一下子发迹就是输得精光的投机活动。作动词时,还可表示冒昧,敢于的意思。

例如;one lucky venture in australia made his name overnight.在澳洲一次幸运的投机使他一夜成名。

i venture to say that by the year 2500 there will be men living on the moon.我敢说,到公元2500年会有人在月球上居住。

7. afford 高中课文中出现的与此单词组成的词组是afford sb. sth.,表示提供某人某物。

例如:those efforts afforded us useful experience.这些努力使我们得到了一些有益的经验。these activities afforded him great pleasure in his old age.这些活动给他的晚年带来了很大的乐趣。

 在很多场合,afford表示有经济条件做某事。

例如:before liberation many people could not afford to send their children to school.解放前很多人由于付不起学费而不能送孩子上学。

in those days we were too poor to afford medical treatment.那时候我们太穷,治不起病。

8. agree to表示同意某一建议,安排等,意思接近consent to。

例如:we agreed to their suggestion.我们同意了他们的建议。

under no circumstances can we agree to such a principle.在任何情况下我们都不会同意这一原则。

注意:在agree后接不同介词,词义会有所不同,如:agree with,表示同意某人的意见,我们可以说:i quite agree with him.我完全同意他的意见。又如: agree on或agree upon,它表示在某一点上取得或具有相同意见,可以说:they finally agreed upon the terms of the contract.他们最后就合同的条文达成了协议。i don't agree with you on many things.在许多问题上我同你的意见有分歧。

9. aim at提到"aim at"这个词组,便会使人想到"aim for"这一词组,两者都表示目的是,旨在的意思,但也存在一些细微的区别。aim at 是动介型短语动词,其后可接名词,代词或动名词。它除了表示目的是,旨在的意思外,还有瞄准之意。

例如:he aimed at the lion and fired but missed it.他对准狮子开枪,但没有击中。

he picked up a stone and aimed it at the dog.他捡起一块石头朝狗扔去。

又如:we are aiming at a 50% increase in production.我们打算使产量增长百分之五十。

10. allow. allow 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词(多用于及物动词),它主要有三种意义:

1)(1). 允许;许可(1) 跟名词,动名词或代词。

例如:we cannot allow such a thing.对这样的事我们不能袖手旁观。

(2) 跟名(代)词+不定式。

例如:please allow me to congratulate you on your success.请允许我祝贺你的成功。

(3) 跟名词(代词)+副词

the doorman allowed us in one by one.看门人让我们一个一个地进去。

2). 给予; 让……有how much money does your father allow you for books?你父亲给你多少钱买书?

they allowed us twenty minutes for lunch.他们给我们二十分钟的时间吃午饭。

3). 承认(1) 跟名词或代词the judge allowed the claim.法官同意了这一要求.

(2) 跟从句the officer allowed that it was an american tank.那军官承认这是一辆美国制造的坦克。

(3) 跟带不定式的复合结构you must allow yourself to be in the wrong.你必需认错。

 表示允许的词很多,比如: permit,let,admit等。下面我们来看一看它们之间的差别。allow指“听凭”,“不禁止”,含有消极的意味。例如:my parents do not allow me to go out at night.我父母不允许我晚上出去。permit指正式地“允许”或根据法律规定“许可”, 比allow来得积极。例如:smoking is not permitted in the cinema.**院内禁止吸烟。试比较:hunting is allowed in this area, though not officially permitted.这个地区是可以狩猎的,尽管法律上不允许。而let表示“允许”、“让”,指不予以阻止或反对,它比allow更具有口语色彩。

11. answer for "answer for" 与 "answer to" 是两个比较容易混淆的词组。这两个词都是动介型短语动词,介词后接名词或代词作宾语。answer for是“对……负责”、“因……(错误)而负责”的意思。

例如:do you think parents should have to answer for their children's behavior?你是否认为父母应对子女的行为负责?

you will have to answer for your wrongdoing one day.终有一天会你会为你的错误行动付出代价。

而"answer to"是“适应,符合”和“与……一致”等意思。

that answers precisely to our need.这正好符合我们的需要。

this is the answer to the question.这就是问题的答案。

12. a number of表示数量短语,意思是“若干,许多,大量”,其后一般接复数可数名词。

例如:a number of scholars have done the experiment.许多学者已做了这项实验。

a number of new products have been trial-produced.许多新品已试制出来了。

 注意区别它与the number of的不同用法。the number of是一名词短语,意为“……的数目”。复数的形式为the numbers of。 作主语时,谓语动词应随the number的单复数变化。例如:the number of students is increasing.学生人数正在不断增加。the numbers of the machine parts are not available.这些机器零件的号码找不到了。

13. apply for. apply for是一个大家都很熟悉的词语,意思是“申请,请求”。

例如:i want to apply for the position.我想申请这个职位。

 如果把这个词组中的for改为to,那么又是什么含义呢? “apply to”可以表示“敷上,涂上”。

例如:apply some medicine to his wound.在他的伤口上敷一些药。它还可用来表示“努力,专心”,相当于 “devote…to”。

例如:he applied himself to the research.他很卖力地做此项研究。

14. ask for表示“请求得到,请求见到”或“需要”等意。

例如:if you get into difficulties, don't hesitate to ask for advice.你要是碰到困难,要赶紧向人请教。

they all asked for the job.他们都要求做这项工作。

a young man was here earlier, asking for mary.一位年轻人刚刚来过这里,说要见玛丽。

the matter asks for immediate attention.这件事需要立即处理。

ask是一个使用频率较高的字,在高中阶段,ask after 与ask about 也是常常容易弄错的词组。请注意它们的区别。这两个词组都表示“问候,问起”的意思。但在意义上稍有不同。ask after 一般只指对第三者的问候,ask about则既可代替ask after 指对第三者的问候,也可用来表示对对方的直接问候。例如:he asked after your health. 他向你问候。he asked about me when i met him yesterday.我昨天碰到他时,他问起我的情况。

15. at all与after all这两个是介词短语,都在句中作状语,起加强语气的作用,但其用法和意义是有区别的。前者常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。用于否定句时,表示“根本”;用于条件句时,译为“当真,实在”。

例如:i didn't understand him at all. 当时,我根本不明白他的意思。

if you want to keep your job at all, do it well.若你要保住这份工作,就得好好做。

after all常常用来表示“毕竟,终究”的意思。

don't blame him, he is a little boy after all.别责备他了,他毕竟还是个孩子。

so you see i am right after all.你看,终究还是我对。

16. at a time作“一次,每次”讲,常用于“数词+at a time”的结构中。

例如:enter two at a time.每次进来两人。

he checked them off one at a time as they came in.他们进来时,他一个一个地核对。

注意它与at one time 的区别。at one time一般指“过去某一时期,曾一度(once)”或“同时”的意思。如表示“同时”,则两者可通用。例如:at one time i used to like her, but not any more.我曾一度很喜欢他,现在可不喜欢了。

2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-F

d

1、damage, harm, hurt, injure, spoil

乍看这几个词,觉得意思都差不多。它们都有“损害,伤害,破坏”的意思。其实,它们之间还是有不同的。damage: “毁坏,损坏”,主要指造成价值,效用,完整性方面的损坏。例如:mr. smith, i wonder if we could arrange a talk about the damaged cargo sometime.史密斯先生,我们能不能安排个时间商谈破损货物的问题。the water they had thrown over everything to put out the fire damaged the books.为了灭火,他们把水往一切东西上泼,把书也损坏了。

harm: “损害,伤害”,词义具体,强调带来损失,病痛或痛苦。though he knows clearly that smoking harms his health, he simply cannot give it up.虽然他很清楚吸烟对身体有害,但他就是戒不了。

hurt: “疼痛,伤害”,尤其指感情或身体遭受创伤。nothing hurts more than a bad tooth, so he had to go to the dentist to have it pulled out.没有比牙齿坏了更疼痛的了,所以他不得不找牙医拔掉那颗坏牙。my little boy fell off a ladder and hurt himself.我的儿子从楼梯上摔了下来,把自己摔伤了。

injure: “伤害,损害”,一般常指不公正地对待或冤屈某人,即有意识地侵害别人的权利或毁坏别人的健康、成就等,也可以指外表、健康、安逸等遭受破坏。the gas polluted the surroundings and injured the health of workers and residents of the area.这种气体污染环境,损害工人和该地区居民的健康。

spoil: 有强烈的“毁坏,毁灭”之意。指不仅造成价值,精力,兴致的“损伤”,还意味着可能造成某种毁灭或彻底破坏,也有“宠坏”的意思。john joined the party and spoiled the pleasure of everyone by his impolite behavior.约翰参加了这个晚会,他的不礼貌行为破坏了大家的兴致。quarreling completely spoiled the dinner, which broke up in discord.争吵完全破坏了了宴会的气氛,结果宴会不欢而散。i do hate to spoil your fun, but i've got something urgent to tell you.我真不愿扫了你的兴,但我有紧急的事必须告诉你。

2、dare not , don't dare

dare是“敢”的意思,它既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。dare not中的dare是情态动词,后接动词原形。dare作为情态动词,其过去式为dared。 如:i dare not think of it.我不敢想这事。he dared not go near the woods in the daytime.白天,他不敢到灌木丛附近去。作为情态动词的dare除用于否定句外,还可用于疑问句和条件句,但不能用于肯定句。 如可以说 dare you say so before your parents?和jump now if you dare,但不可以说i dare touch it.

don't dare中的dare是实义动词,后面要接动词不定式。如:i did not dare to move.我不敢动。he had never dared to ask her to go anywhere with him.他从来不敢要求她跟他去任何地方。作为实义动词的dare与其它实义动词一样,可以用于肯定句,疑问句和条件句等。如:she dared to go there alone.她敢一个人去那里。do you dare to come here?你敢一个人来这儿吗?

dare与普通实义动词的不同之处在于:在否定句和疑问句中,dare后的不定式往往可以省去 to。如:he didn't dare (to) say that to my face. 他不敢当面对我说这些。do you dare (to) climb that high mountain? 你敢爬那座高山吗?

3、dangerous, in danger

dangerous是形容词,意为“危险的”, 指一切能或者可能引起危险的人或事物等,有对某人或某事物构成威胁的意味。例如:he is a dangerous person.他是一个危险的人物。it is dangerous to smoke.吸烟是危险的。

in danger是一个介词短语,意为“处于危险中”,在句中作表语,其后还可以跟of短语。在使用中,danger可由形容词great, real等修饰。其反义语是out of danger。如:the sick man's life had been in danger, but now he was out of danger.病人的生命曾处于危险之中,现在已脱离危险。he is in great danger of losing all his money if he continues to buy useless objects.如果他继续买这些无用的东西,他就有失去所有钱财的危险。

4、date, day这两个词都表示“日,天”的意思,但它们之间是有区别的。date通常指具体的日期,一般以单数形式出现。它包括某年、某月、某日。因此,在回答 what's the date? 或what's the date today?的问句时,应该把年、月、日全部说出。what's the date today? 今天几号?it's june 4,1992. 今天是1992年6月4日。

day主要用来泛指日子,a day是“一天”的意思。days是“一些日子”的意思。在问“星期几”时,应该用它。如:what day is today? 今天星期几?it's friday. 今天星期五。

5、deadly, deathly

deadly和deathly都可作形容词,表示“死一般地”,指死的表象。如:the deadly/deathly silence filled the meeting-room.会议室里一片沉默,没有一点声音。两者都可以充当形容词及副词,表示“非常,极度”,强调极端性。如:i have deadly/deathly fear of snakes.我非常害怕蛇。the man is deadly/deathly ill. 这人病得很重。

deadly另可表示:“致命的,势不两立的”,指导致死亡与毁灭的事物,表示死亡的可能性。 如deadly poison(致命的毒药),deadly illness(致命的疾病),deadly weapon(致命的武器)。 又如:fog is one of the sailor's deadliest enemies.雾是海员一个最大的敌人。the sad news was a deadly blow to the poor old lady.这条消息对这个可怜的老太太是致命一

6、deal in, deal with

deal in主要“做……买卖,经营(to buy and sell, trade in)"的意思,后接事物名词,表示经营,买卖的内容。如:this shop deals in textile good.这家商店经营纺织品。this import and export corporation deals in general merchandise, paper, building material, electrical appliances, light, etc.这家进出口公司经营日用百货,纸张,建筑材料,电器用品和灯具等。

deal with的主要意思有:1)“与……做生意(do business, esp. trade with...), 后接集体名词或人物名词,表示做生意的对方;2)“对付,处理”;3)关于,论及(be about, be concerned with)"等。如:i've dealt with this store for 20 years.我与这家商店做了20年的生意。children are tiring to deal with.带小孩最令人讨厌。deal with a man as he deals with you.以其人之道还治其人之身。this article deals with an important subject.这篇文章谈论到一个重要的问题。

7、demand, request, require

demand为“要求,查问”,语气较重,是强硬、断然的口气。它可接名词,不定式及用虚拟语气表示的宾语从句,当以被要求的人作宾语时,要加介词of。如:she demanded that we give him an immediate answer.她要求我立即给他回复。all of us demand of him whether he had heard from her recently.我们大家都问他最近是否收到她的来信。

require为“请求,恳求”,语气较和缓,指非常礼貌地正式请求。它可接名词及不定式的复合结构,也可以后接用宾语从句,但宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。当以被要求的人作宾语时,要加介词of。如:we'll do all that is required of us.我们会把要求做的全部都做完。

与demand和request的用法不同,require另可接动名词作宾语,其主动形式表示被动意义。它也可接不定式作宾语,但仍要用被动形式来表示被动意义。如:the car requires repairing/to be repaired.这辆车需要修理。

8、display, exhibit, expose这些词都指以展示的方式吸引注意,亦有“表现”之意。display:“展示,陈列”,指将物品最充分、有效地展示在人的视线或便于看清楚的位置。此外,此词还有体现、表现之意。if a child displays negative behavior by hitting someone, adults must try to persuade him to use reasoning to solve future conflicts.假如孩子有打人的不良习惯,成年人必须规劝他用讲道理的方式来解决今后发生的争执。she is so fascinated by the beautiful dress displayed in the shop window that she cannot help looking at it admirably whenever she passes there.她对橱窗里展示的那套漂亮衣服非常痴迷,每次经过,她都忍不住羡慕地看看它。

exhibit:“展出,表现出”,往往指出于某个特殊目的而公开地推出某些事物。although the supervisor said he needn't be responsible for the result, john still exhibited signs of stress.尽管督查员说约翰不必为此事负责,他还是显现出承受压力的迹象。

expose:“显示出,展出,显露”,指让某物从藏匿、隐蔽状态中显示出来;也有使某些不妥当或被隐匿之事显露于众,即“揭露,暴露”之意。it's too bad that children are exposed to films and reports about crime and violence.让孩子耳濡目染**与新闻报道中的暴力与犯罪行为是很糟糕的。it was my duty to leave no stone unturned to discover and expose the awful truth.我的责任就是想方设法发现这可怕的真相并公之于众。

9、die from, die of

这两个动词词组都表示“因……而死”。die from和die of都可表示因疾病,饥饿,寒冷,年迈,疲劳过度等造成的死亡。如:die from/of illness/hunger/cold/old age/overwork/poison。再如:it is reported that as many as 1 out of 10 heavy cigarette smokers will eventually die from/of lung cancer.据报道,有十分之一烟瘾很重的人会死于肺癌。in a severe winter, wild animals can die from/of lack of food.在严冬,野生动物可能会因食物不足而死。

die from另可表示由外因而造成的死亡,象事故,损伤,环境条件,自然灾害等。如:die from a traffic accident/a wound/carelessness/an electric shock/an earthquake。再如:the young driver died from the wounds he received in the road accident.这个年轻的司机因交通事故致伤而死。the 3-year-old child died from her fall out of the high window.这个三岁的小孩从高楼的窗户摔下来而死。

die of另可表示因内在感情而造成的死亡,像失恋,失望,羞愧,大喜大悲等。如:die of love/disappointment/shame/joy/grief/a broken heart。再如:grandma zhou died of grief soon after her husband's death.周奶奶在她丈夫死后不久因悲伤过度也去世了。they drowned themselves in the sea and died of love.他们跳海殉情了。

10、deep, deeply

deep用作副词时,易和deeply混淆。这两个副词在修饰具体动作时,一般可以换用。如:we shall probe deep (or: deeply) into the matter.我们要深入地探索这件事。deep通常用来形容静止状态,多用来修饰作状语的介词短语,带有far into之意。如:they danced deep into the night.他们跳舞跳到深夜。he stood there thinking, his hands deep in his pockets.他站在那儿思索,两手深深地插在口袋里。

deeply常常用来修饰形容词或过去分词,作程度状语。如:we were all deeply disturbed when we heard the news.我们听到那消息都感到极为不安。i'm deeply grateful for the advice you gave me.我非常感激你给我的劝告。

11、different, various

different为“不同的,有差异的”,是普通用语,常指在性质上及在其他方面不同,它强调本质的差异,着重独特性与单独性。它常用于be different from结构,以表示对比的差异。如:people in different countries play the same game in different ways.同样的运动,不同国家的人用不同的方式进行。things today are greatly different from what they used to be.今天的情况与过去大不相同。

various为“不同的,各种各样的”,强调同一范畴内的品种或数量的不同,而不强调相互间本质的差别。如:i did that for various reasons.由于种种原因我才这样做的。you may solve the problem in various ways.你可用各种方式来解决这个问题。

different也可用来指品种数量的不同,而不强调本质上的差别,此时可与various换用。如:i came across different/various people .我碰见过各种各样的人。there's different/various kinds of flowers in his garden.他的花园里,花的品种繁多。

12、discover, invent

discover意为“发现,看出”,常指通过调查,实验等发现原已存在,但尚未被人了解,认识或挖掘到的事物,含有该事物阻挡人们视线的意思,也常指发现抽象的事物。如:a new coal-mine has been discovered in this district.这地区发现了一个新的煤矿。the police discovered an iron box hidden under the floor.警方发现地下藏着一个铁盒子。we discovered the lady to be quite careful in her work.我们觉得这个女士对她的工作非常仔细。

invent意为“发明”, 指通过思考,实验和研究等发明了新的有用的物品。此外,它还有“虚构,编造”的意思。bell invented the telephone.贝尔发明了电话。

2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-S

f

1、fairly, quite, rather

这三个副词都可用来说明形容词和副词的程度,十分容易混淆。

1).fairly意为?相当,还算?,是这一组词中语气最轻的一个。quite为?相当,或多或少地,在某种程度 上?,语气比fairly稍强。rather为?相当,有点,颇?,在这三个副词中语气最强。试比较下列各句: this film is fairly good.这部**还可以看看。 your composition is quite good.你的作文还不错。 his homework is rather good.他的作业相当不错。 又如: this book is fairly easy.这本书还算浅易。 he is quite grown up.他差不多长大成人了。 that is rather hard to explain right away.要立即说明是颇有难度的

2).fairly只用于修饰褒义的形容词和副词,如可以说she is fairly clever,不可说she is fairly foolish。rather主要用于贬义,如rather poor/bad/stupid/ugly,但它也可以用在某些褒义的形容词和副词前,具有比fairly更强烈的褒义,相当于very,如rather good/ well/pretty /clever。另外,若在没有褒贬意义的词前用fairly,表示说话人赞同;若用rather,则表示不赞同。试比较: this soup is fairly hot.这汤蛮热的。 this soup is rather hot.这汤太烫了。 she is fairly tall for her age.就她的年龄来说,她长得算是高了。 she is rather tall for her age.就她的年龄来说,她长得过于高了。

3).rather可与too及比较级连用,而fairly和quite则不可。如: my mother is rather better today.我母亲今天病好多了。 this book is rather too difficult for the juniors and rather too easy for the seniors. 这本书对低年级学生说来未免太难,对高年级学生说来又嫌太容易。

4).quite和rather还可和动词连用,fairly则不可和动词连用。如: this does not quite satisfy me.这没有完全使我满意。 i don't quite follow you.我不大懂你的话。 they rather expected to win the match.他们颇想赢得这场比赛。 i rather like her.我相当喜欢她。

5). quite和rather都可修饰名词,但须放在不定冠词前。如: that was quite an accident.那是一次不太寻常的事故。 it's rather a pity.这真是相当遗憾。当名词前有形容时,quite和rather可放在不定冠词后,也可放在不定冠词前。如:they had a quite good time. 也可说quite a good time。it is a rather cold day. 也可说rather a cold day。

2、familiar with, familiar to

这两个形容词短语都表示?熟悉?的意思,但用法不同。familiar to表示?(某事)对(某人来说)是熟悉的?意思;因此,句子的主语总是表示事物的名词,介词to后接人称名词或代词的宾格形式。例如:this subject is familiar to us.我们熟悉这个课题。these are the rules that are familiar to every schoolboy.这些是一个学童都熟知的规则。

familiar with则表示?(某人)对(某事)是熟悉的,精通的?的意思。因此,句中的主语总是人称名词或代词,介词with后接事物名词。如:we are all familiar with the three states of matter.我们都熟悉物质的三态。they are familiar with english.他们精通英语。

3、fall, drop

两者均表示?落下?。fall表示物体由于本身的重量失去平衡或其他原因向下坠落,多为无意识的行为。它是不及物动词。fall也常作连系动词,表示?变得,进入某种状态?。

drop表示物体由高处往低处落下,或让物体落向低处。它既可指有意识的行为,也可指无意识的行为,当指无意识的行为时,可与fall交换使用。drop为及物动词或不及物动词。如:the man fell/dropped from the top of the building.(两者都指无意识的行为。)her hair falls to her shoulders.(指无意识的行为。)many trees fell in the storm.(指无意识的行为。)one after another, all three of them fell asleep. fall作连系动词。)he dropped a letter into the post-box.(指有意识的行为。)the enemy plane dropped several bombs.(指有意识的行为。)

4、famous for, famous as

这两个形容词短语都表示?以?而出名?的意思。但在用法和含义上有异。

famous for 主要有三种用法:1.主语是表示人的名词或代词时,意为?以某种知识技能,作品或特征而出名?。2.主语为地点名词时,表示?以某种特产或特征出名?。3.主语为事物名词时,表示?以其内容,特征,价值等而被人所知?。如:he is famous for his skill in playing football.他因球艺而出名。the area is famous for its green tea.这个地区以产绿茶而著称。guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery.桂林因美丽的风景而著称。this grammar book is famous for its practical usage.这部语法书以其实用而出名。

famous as 也有三种用法:1.当主语是表示人的名词或代词时,意指?以某种身份或职业而出名?。2.当主语为地点名词时,表示?作为什么产地或地方而出名?。3.当主语为事物名词时,表示?以某种形式而出名?。如:mark twin was famous as a children-story writer.马克.吐温作为儿童故事作家而著称。this area is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区作为绿茶产地而著名。this book is famous as a reference book.这本书作为参考书而出名。 

5、farther, further这两个词都是far的比较级形式。1.farther和further都可指具体的距离,即空间时间上的?较远?。如: let's not go any farther/further.我们别再走了吧。 the service desk is at the farther/further end of the hall.咨询处在大厅稍往里的地方。2.further还可用于抽象的引申义,如时间,程度和数量等,表示?进一步,更进一层?,此时,不能与 farther换用。如: i may be able to give you some further information about it. 关于这个问题,我还可以给你一些 信息。 the problem will be further discussed at the class meeting. 这个问题在班会上还将进一步讨论。 

6、favourable, favoured, favourite

这三个形容词尽管词根相同,但在意义上有所差异。favourable主要有下列三种意思:1. 赞许 2.有利的 3.讨人喜欢的,良好的。例如:the teacher made a favourable report on the boy's work at school.教师报告说,该生在校成绩优良。it was a favourable time for our trip, since business was light.生意清淡,正是我们旅行的好时光。he made a favourable impression on his future colleagues.他给他未来的同事留下良好的印象。

favoured在表示?有利的(条件或地位等)?的意义时,一般可用favourable代替;有时favourite也有这一含义。此外,它还可表示?受优惠的,优惠的?意思。如:he has gained a favoured (or: favourable/favourite) position.他已取得了有利的地位。this country cannot have the treatment of the most-favoured-nation clause.这个国家不能享有最惠国条款上的待遇。

favourite作形容词时,主要表示?最受人喜欢的?意思。它还可用作名词,表示?最受人喜欢的人或物?。如: my favourite type of food is chinese food.我最喜欢的食品是中国食品。who is your favourite novelist?谁是你最喜欢的作家?he is a favourite writer.他是最受人喜欢的作家。this book is a great favourite of mine.这是我最喜欢的一本书。his last son, john, is his favourite.他的小儿子约翰是他最喜欢的。 

7、far too, too far

1).修饰形容词和副词的too可以被far修饰,以示强调。far too即表示?实在太,过于?的意思。如: the coffee is far too hot.咖啡过于烫了。 he was at the airport far too early.他来飞机场太早了。

2).too far是?太远了,太过分?的意思。在词组结构里,副词too(过于,太)被用来修饰形容词或副词 far。如: it is too far to the music hall.离音乐厅太远了。 you've gone too far. 太过分了。

3).除far以外,too还可以被all, rather, much等修饰,表示?实在太?,或被a bit修饰,表示?有点儿?。如: the holidays were all too short.假期太短了。 you're going much too fast.你走得太快了。 this dress is a bit too small for me.这条裙子对我来说太小了点儿。 

8、find, find out

find是及物动词,表示?找到,发现?的意思,其后可跟名词,复合结构或that从句。如:i have looked for him several hours, but i haven't found him yet.我找了他好几个小时,但还是没有找到。i found it necessary to learn french if you know english.我发现如果你懂英语的话,有必要学法语。

find out是一个短语动词,表示通过研究,观察或调查等一系列工作后?找出或发现?,其后一般跟名词,代词或从句。如:we soon found out that he was a secret agent.我们很快查明他是个特务。they have found out the truth.他们已经查明了真相。

9、fast, quick, rapid

这一组形容词表示?快的,迅速的?。

1).fast多指运动着的人或物体本身具有高速度的特点,或指一段时间内持续的快速运动。quick一般用于指迅速的,一瞬间的或短暂的动作与反应,侧重匆忙的含义,不强调速度。它另可指智力方面反应灵敏, 以下例句和短语中的fast和quick都不能相互替换: a fast runner, a fast train, a fast job, a quick turn, a quick answer, be quick about one's work。又如: the clock is five minutes fast.这只钟快了五分钟。 he was such a fast talker that nobody could understand him.他说话如此之快,以致于没有人能 听懂他的意思。 she is very quick at learning languages.她学语言很快。 he had a quick mind, and answered all the questions put to him by the reporter.他反应很快,回答了记者提出的所有问题。

2).rapid常与fast相互换用,但前者侧重动作本身,后者常指动作中的人或物体。rapid有急促的含义,它所指的动作可能是一个或一连串的。如:rapid progress, rapid pace, rapid practice。又如: the improvement in her health is rapid.她恢复得很快。 this school promised rapid results in the learning of languages.这所学校承诺在语言学习方面见效相当快。

3).这一组词的副词也有同样的区别。如: he speaks fast. come here quickly! she ran rapidly up the stairs. 

10、first, firstly, at first

first表示?第一,首先?的意思,可以用作形容词或副词。如:this is the first time that i've heard of it.这是我第一次听说。to answer this question, we must consider a few factors first.为了回答这个问题,我们必须首先考虑几个因素。

firstly只用于列举事实或论点,如:第一,第二,最后(firstly, secondly, lastly),此时,可与first, second, last互换使用。如:firstly (or: first) brush your teeth, secondly (second) wash your face.你先刷牙,后洗脸。

at first表示?起初?的意思,它有at the beginning的含义,主要相对?后来?而言的。如:at first, he found english difficult.他起初觉得英语很难学。if at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again.如果你第一次未成功,就应该多试几次。

11、fault, mistake

1).fault作?过失,缺点,毛病?解,指道德、性格和习惯上的弱点或行为上的过失,也指违反某一规定所造成的错误。如: he is still a good boy with all his faults.他尽管有这样那样的过错,但还是一个好孩子。 it was the boy's fault. he didn't obey the traffic rules.是那个孩子不好,是他没有遵守交通规则。

2).mistake作?错误,过失,误会?解,指因认识不足或判断失误而无意中犯下的错误。如: since a lot of people make mistakes in life, i'll give you a change. 因为很多人在一生中都会犯错误,所以我会给你一个机会。 the mistake was made entirely through your fault.出了这个错完全是由于你的过失。 

12、for a moment, for the moment, in a moment, at the moment

for a moment常与持续性动词连用,表示?一会儿,片刻?的意思。如:please wait for a moment.请等一下。he read the paper for a moment and went out.他看了一会儿报纸,就出去了。

for the moment常用于现在时,意为?暂时,目前?。如:stop discussing for the moment, please.请暂停讨论。let's leave things as they are for the moment.让我们暂时维持现状吧。

in a moment常与终止性动词连用,一般用于将来时,表示?一会儿,立即,马上?等意义。如:i'll come back in a moment.我马上就回来。he'll meet you in a moment.他一会儿就见你。

at the moment用于现在时,表示?此刻?的意思;用于过去时,表示?那时?的意思。如:i'm busy at the moment.我此刻很忙。i was busy at the moment.我那时很忙。 

13、festival, holiday, vacation

1).festival意为?节日?,指喜庆日和持续一段时间的文娱活动,如the spring festival(春节),the film festival(**节),the tv festival(电视节)。

2).holiday为?假日,休息日?,主要指按风俗习惯或法律规定的纪念日及休息日。其复数形式可表示延续一段时间的?假期?,美式英语中则习惯用单数。如:a pleasant roman holiday (愉快的罗马假日), the christmas holidays (圣诞节假期),the school holiday (学校的假期)。

3).vacation为?假期?,指放下工作与学习的一段常时间的休息时间,常可用holidays替换。如 a paid vacation (带薪假期),the winter vacation/holidays (寒假),the summer vacation/holidays (暑假)。 

14、free, freely

free用作副词时,主要表示下列两种意义:1.?自由地,随意地(in a free manner)? 2.?免费地?。如:don't let the dog run free on the main road.不要让狗在公路上随意乱串。babies are allowed to travel free on buses.婴儿乘公共汽车可以免费。

freely也可表示?自由地,随意地?的意思,可以与free互换。它还常用于以下四种含义:1. 自愿地,坦诚地;2. 活动和行为?没有阻力地?;3. 慷慨地,大方地;4. 大量地。如:i freely admit that what i said was wrong.我主动承认我所说的不对。you may speak quite freely in front of me. i shall not tell anyone what you say.在我面前,你可以坦诚地谈,我不会把你说的话告诉别人的。oil the wheel, then it will turn more freely.给轮子上点油,那么它会转得更好。he gives freely to many organizations that help the poor.他对那些帮助穷人的组织慷慨援助。the wound was bleeding freely.伤口大量出血。

15、fine, good, well

这三个形容`词都表示?好?。

1).fine作?好?解时,程度胜过good。它可以指人的身体安好,还可用来指优秀,高尚,优美,文雅,令人满意,天气晴朗等。它另可表示纤弱,稀薄,细致,精致,单纯等。如fine weather (好天气), fine artist (优秀的艺术家),fine salt (精制盐),fine gold (纯金)。

2).good是一个意义极其广泛的词,几乎可用来指除?健康?以外的所有的?好?,如美好,美丽,良好, 愉快,高明,充分,完全,适当,正确,有效,亲切,有礼貌,精神好及质量好等。如:good days, good students, a good chance, a good book, good looks。

3).well用作形容词时,只能表示身体和情况的?良好?,即指身体正常或痊愈,情况顺利或处于令人满意的状态,不能用来指工作,学习与劳动等方面的?好?。它着重指一时的或某一段时间的状态。well在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。试比较: he looks good.他看来是个好人。 he looks well.他看来很健康。 i'm feeling very good.我感到情绪很好。 i'm feeling very well.我感到身体很好。又如:the patient didn't feel well after the operation.术后,病人没有感到身体有好转。i am not well.my head aches.我不太舒服,头很疼。everything is well with us.我们一切都好。all is not well in that mountainous country.那个山村的情况不太好。

求2008四川 湖北 江西 高考英语优秀作文~!(假期作业用 不要答案)

讲内容是以字母n开始的短语辨析

1、near, nearly

near用作副词时,有nearly(几乎,差不多)的意思,等于almost, 这时候可以通用。不过,往往在表示这一层意思时,人们习惯用nearly,而很少用near,尤其是用来修饰数词时。例如:it is nearly ten o'clock. 差不多十点钟了。dinner is nearly ready. 晚饭就要好了。i was near (or: nearly) being killed; it was a very near thing. 我几乎丧命,真悬。there are nearly enough people here to do the job. 干这项活,这里人手差不多够了。

near在作形容词时,主要用来表示场所、时间,有“在附近”和“逼近”的意思。例如:don't go far away; stay somewhere near. 别走远,就在附近呆着。the spring festival is drawing near. 春节即将来临。

注意:副词nearly要尽可能靠近它所修饰的那个词或词组,否则,有可能会影响全句的意思。试比较:our production brigade nearly lost fifty cattle in the flood. 我们生产队在发洪水时几乎损失了五十头牛。(事实上没有损失)our production brigade lost nearly fifty cattle in the flood. 我们生产队在洪水中损失了差不多五十头牛。(事实上损失了将近五十头) 

2、necessary, necessity

necessary作名词用时,尽管与necessity同义,均可表示“必需品”,“必要的东西”的意思,但用法有别。necessary尽管是可数名词,但通常用作复数形式necessaries; necessity可用作可数名词,既可用作单数,也可用作复数,但常见作复数。试比较:these are our necessaries of life. 这些是我们的生活必需品。the shop is selling daily necessaries. 那个商店正在出售日用品。air is a necessity. 空气是必需品。good maps are a necessity to travellers. 好的地图是旅行者必不可少的东西。food, water and clothes are the basic necessities of life. 食物,水和衣服是基本的必需品。

necessity主要用作不可数名词,表示抽象的概念,有“必要性,必然性”的意思,necessary作名词则没有这些含义。例如:there is no necessity for me to do this. 我没有做这件事的必要。he feels the necessity to have an outing. 他觉得有必要出外游玩一次。 

3、near to, next to

near to的意思是 “接近,靠近”,指时间、空间及距离上的接近。next to的意思是“紧靠着”,指位置上的相互紧靠。例如:it's getting near to our spring festival. 春节快要到了。the chemical works is built too near to us. 这个化工厂造得离我们太近了。as we got near to the town it began to snow. 当我们快到镇上时,天开始下雪了。the girl came and sat next to me. 这个女孩走过来并坐在我边上。the two cinemas are next to each other. 这两个**院靠得很近。i don't like wool next to my skin. 我不喜欢直接穿羊毛衫。

next to另可表示“几乎”及“仅次于”,它常用于next to nothing结构,表示“几乎没有”,相当于almost nothing。例如:i knew next to nothing about the matter. 对这件事我几乎一无所知。next to dancing, i like playing the guitar. 除了跳舞,我最喜欢弹吉它。new york is the largest city next to london. 纽约是仅次于伦敦的最大城市。 

4、no more...than, not more...than

no more...than等于not...any more than,意为“同...一样不”,意味着两者都否定。no more后可接名词,形容词,副词或动词;than是从属连词,常引出省略的比较状语从句。两个分句的重点往往在前一个分句,翻译时要把分句的次序颠倒,才能表达出重点来。例如:a fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears. 愚人之不能自知其蠢,如同其不能自见其耳。i am no more fond of playing the guitar than he is. 我和他都不喜欢弹吉他。

no more than连用,等于not any more than, 其后多接数词,表示“只不过是,仅仅”的意思,相当于only。例如:there are no more than ten tickets left. 仅剩下十张票。

not more... than等于less...than或not so...as,表示“不及,不如;不比...更”的意思,意味着两者都肯定,但着重点往往在从句,翻译时按原来顺序译出即可。例如:it goes without saying that this subject is not more important than that one. 毋庸质疑,这个问题不比那个问题更重要。

not more than连用,其后也一般接数词,表示“不超过……,至多(=at most)"的意思。例如:i read not more than twenty pages every day. 我每天最多读二十页书。the reservoir was built by a productive brigade of not more than 200 households. 这个水库是由一个不到二百户人家的生产大队建造的。 

5、no one else, no other one

这两个词组都表示“没有别人或别的东西”的意思,两者可以换用。其中的one均为代名词,指代人或物;else和other均为形容词,不同的是前者作后置形容词,后者作前置形容词。例如:there is no one else (or: no other one) to compare with him in this respect. 在这方面无人能比得上他。no other one(or: no one else) knows about it. 再没有别的人知道这件事。

值得注意的是, else作形容词时,通常用来修饰疑问代词,复合不定代词(如:somebody, anything, anyone等)或者含有数量意义的代名词(如: much, little, all等)。else也可作副词,用来修饰疑问副词或者以where 结尾的复合疑问副词(如:anywhere, nowhere等)。例如:what else did she say? 她还说了什么?it must have been somewhere else. 肯定是在其他什么地方。you should put your honor above all else. 你应当把荣誉放在其他一切之上。not much else is known. 其他都不清楚。

other作形容词时,只用来修饰名词或者代名词one/ ones, 其位置只能位于所修饰的(代)名词之前。例如:i am studying maxism-leninism, mathematics and other subjects. 我正学习马克思列宁主义,数学和其他课程。

注意:else和other均可用来修饰带any, some, a few等的名词。例如:i don't want any books else.(= i don't want any other books.) 我再不需要其他书了。 

6、no use, of no use

这两个词组都用在连系动词be的后面作表语,表示“没有用”的意义,两者在意义上没有什么差别,可以通用,只是它们的语法结构不一样。no use作表语是因为use前面有形容词no的缘故。如果没有形容词no, use则不能单独作表语。不能说this book is use.只能说:this book is of use或者:this book is useful.再例如:this book is (of) no use. 这本书没有用。complaining is (of) no use. 抱怨是没有用的。

of no use属于“of+抽象名词”结构,这种结构相当于相应的同根形容词。它有肯定形式和否定形式,否定形式一般也是在抽象名词前加形容词no(如of no use)。例如:this reference material is of no use to us. (= this reference material isn't useful to us.) 这种参考资料对我们是没有用的。this medicine is of no use to your cold. 这种药对你的感冒没有用。

注意:以下五句的意思相同,但用法都不一样,请注意它们的区别:

reading without remembering is no use.

reading without remembering is of no use.

it is no use reading without remembering.

it is of no use reading without remembering.

there is no use in / of reading without remembering.读而不记是没有用的。 

7、none, no one

none主要用作代词。作代词时,可以指人,是“没有什么人”的意思;也可以指物,是“没有什么东西”的意思。none往往受of引起的介词短语的限制,of后可接复数可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词多用复数形式;of后接不可数名词时,其谓语动词只能是单数形式。none of之后的可数名词或代词必须指三个以上的人或者事物。例如:none of the passengers were aware of the danger. 这些旅客中没有人意识到危险性。none of us are interested in the story. 我们都对这个故事不感兴趣。none of the money was ever recorded. 一点钱都没有得到。

no one中的no是形容词,one是代词,常用于口语中,一般用来指人,其含义是“not even one(连一个人也不/没有)”因此它比none的意思要强。no one作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。例如:no one was killed in that battle. 在那次战斗中没有人牺牲。apart from him, i had no one to talk to. 除了他以外,我没有人可以交谈。 

8、now that, only that 这是两个由“连词+that"组成的复合连词,其连词是中心词,that是一个虚词,常可省去。now that本是“副词+that"而构成的复合连词,但由于that可省略,于是now就被认为是连词了。now that引导的是原因状语从句,但它主要是说明一种新的情况,从句与主句的因果关系很小,含有“推论”的意味,因此有的语法学者把它称为“推论条件连词”。此短语一般译为“既然,由于”,相当于since。例如:now that jane had gone and left, or as good as left him, it would have been a comfort to see his son. 简既然走了,离开了,或者说几乎是遗弃了他,那么他就可以和儿子见面了,这是多么快慰的事。now that the weather has improved, we'll be able to enjoy the game. 由于现在天气已经好转,我们将能观赏这场比赛了。

only that主要引导条件状语从句,与except that的意义相同,表示“要不是,除...之外”的意思,从句通常位于主句之后;它有时还可引导目的状语从句,作“只是为了”解。例如:he would probably do well in the examination, only that he gets rather nervous. 要不是他有一点紧张,他可能考得很好。i have nothing against him, only that i dislike his manner. 我除了不喜欢他的态度外,并没有反对他。he often praises others only that he may be praised. 他常常只是为了求得别人的表扬而称赞别人。 

9、no tailor, not a tailor

no tailor和not a tailor在句子中充当主语、宾语时,两者均表示“没有一个裁缝”,可以替换用。如下列两句都表示“没有一个裁缝想要接受这份工作”:no tailor wants to take this job.not a tailor wants to take this job.

当no tailor和not a tailor在句子中用在be动词后,充当表语时,两者意义完全不同。前者表示“不懂裁缝,决不是裁缝”,指某人不具备当裁缝的条件,是外行,无资格做裁缝;后者“不是个裁缝”,指某人的职业或身份不是裁缝。试比较:don't ask me to shorten the trousers for you. i'm no tailor. 别叫我为你改短裤子,我不懂裁缝。you're mistaken! he is not a tailor. he has a job as a barber. 你弄错了!他不是个裁缝,他是个理发师。

no加上一个表示职业的名词的例子还有:she is no cook. she will probably get all the food from a restaurant. 她不会做饭,她可能会从餐馆里买来所有的饭菜。this is no joke. i am no judge. 这决不是开玩笑的事,我根本没有审理的资格。 

10、noise, sound, voice

noise表示“噪音,喧闹声”,一般指嘈杂,吵闹等令人不快的声音。例如:the noise of the street kept me awake. 街上的吵闹声让我睡不着。the noise of the rain nearly drowned our conversation. 雨声大得几乎超过了我们的谈话声。

sound表示“声音”,含义很广泛,指任何可以听到的声音,包括悦耳及令人不快的声音。例如:all of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry. 突然,有了枪响声和哭声。did you hear the strange sound from the next room this morning? 今天早上你是否听到隔壁房间发出的怪声音?

voice表示“嗓音”,一般指人说话,唱歌或笑的声音。例如:the little girl has a beautiful voice. 这个小女孩有一副好嗓子。the singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold. 这位歌手由于重感冒而失去了银铃般的嗓音。 

11、not to say, not to speak of

这两个短语形似而意义不同。not to say作“虽不能说,即使不能说”解,表示一种让步的口气。not to speak of作“更不用说,更不待言”解,相当于to say nothing of, 用来表示追补意义。例如:it is rather cool, not to say cold. 天气虽不能说冷,但也算是相当凉了。he sounded impolite, not to say rude. 他那样说话,即使不算粗鲁,也是不礼貌的。she knows german and french, not to speak of english. 她懂德文和法文,更不用说英文了。he cannot find money for bread, not to speak of fish and meat. 他连面包也无钱买,更不用说鱼和肉了。

 下一讲,我们将学习以字母o开始的短语辨析。

me presents. Mother prepared a tea party for me. I invited all of them to come and take part in it.

The tea party began at half past six. There were cold drinks and refreshments. We ate, talked and laughed. We felt that we were the happiest men in the world.

Time passed quickly. In a twinkling, the clock on the wall struck nine. We could not but say “Good-bye” to one another.

I want to introduce a popular computer game to you. Its name is Paopaotang in Chinese. It is the most popular green computer game in China. Once there were more than 700 thousand people playing it together on line.

Playing this game you need three things. First of all you need an account number. Then you should fill in your personal information and download this game. OK! You can play it yourself. Now I tell you how to play it. It is very easy! Pressing Direction Key to control the leading role. Pressing Blank Space to free a bleb. The bleb will detonate after three seconds. You should make the leading role evade the water column。If you can’t do that you will be failed.

I also want to tell you that play computer games in right time is good for your health but if you fall in computer games is very bad for you! So you should play it when your other things have been finished.

toay was suny.I am very happy.Because my mather and my father could take me to ChiFeng We ate food and went to ChiFeng

We played pengpengche,waterand lots of others

today it was a good day.

have got a happy winter holiday this year. In this year, I have a 7-day winter holiday. In the first day, I went back to my hometown with my parents. When I got there, I saw my grandparents. Then we had lunch together. At that time, we not only had dilicious food,we also talk about our wonderful life. We laughed and sang, it was so happy then. After lunch, I got out and found my old friends in the field. They were all taller and stronger than before. We sat down on the ground and talk about funny things. It was so interesting and fun. We also played some funny games. I have never play such a funny game since I leave my hometown for a big city. I was so happy that day.It was the happiest time in my holiday. And it was so funny.

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