高考阅读理解必备知识点_高考阅读理解必备

1.高考语文阅读理解的技巧和方法

2.高考英语阅读理解考前训练

3.高考语文散文阅读最全答题攻略

4.高考英语阅读理解训练

5.高考英语阅读理解题及参考答案

6.高考语文阅读理解解题技巧

7.高考英语阅读理解带答案

英语阅读理解解题技巧

高考试题中，阅读部分所占比例较大， 而学生在这个方面失分又相对较多。因此，我们怎样在平时的训练中培养学生的解题方法，提高学生的解题能力呢？

一，首先，要了解《考试大纲》对阅读理解的主要要求：

1．掌握所读文章的主旨和大意以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；

2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；

3．既理解字面意思，也理解根据字面意思可以推断出来的没有明确说出的深沉含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；

4．既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断；

5．既能根据文章所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生自己应有的常识去理解。

二，阅读理解主要考查形式主要有四大类：

1．细节理解题。即要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。这一题型常见的命题方式有：事实认定题、排序题图形辨认题、数字运算题等。

2．推理判断题。这类题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。

3．主旨大意题。该类题主要考察学生对所读材料中心思想的概括。其考察形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想等。

4．词义猜测题。 即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。

三，解题技能

1.细节理解题解题技能

细 节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以 在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。

做 细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文， 而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找 与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。

了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。

解题时要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。 值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。

2.推理判断题解题技能

推理判断题问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等 词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推 论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信 息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。

这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：

c) 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

a) 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。

b) 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。

d) 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。

e) 在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。

3. 主旨大意题解题技能

主 旨大意题首先要定位主题句，由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据 其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的 主题句）。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。

文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：

1. 正三解形写作法

即中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。

新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据

2. 倒三角形写作法

即主题句出现在文尾。在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。

3. 圆形写作法

即首尾呼应的写作方法。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。

4. 菱形写作法

即主题句出现在文章的中间。通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。

5. 正方形写作法

即 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是， 先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。

●怎样选择或拟定文章的标题

对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。

标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？

首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体

现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。

其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，

仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。

再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。

最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。

4. 词义猜测题解题技能

A．构词法猜词

阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。

B．利用同义近义词猜词

在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。

C．利用反义词猜词

对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。

D．利用上下文语境猜词

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。

特别提醒：在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义！这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3％；其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。

E．利用定义和解释猜词

有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。

F．利用例证猜词

为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as, like, for example, for instance等。

当然，要提高阅读理解的解题能力，考生要培养一定的阅读兴趣。阅读能力与兴趣有关，阅读的兴趣越高，动机愈强，越有利于广泛阅读.另外，丰富的词汇、扎实的基础语法知识(特别是构词法知识、句法分析能力等)都是必不可少的。没有一定的词汇量就不能进行大量的阅读，太多的生词障碍还会造成一定的心理障碍，随着词汇量的扩大，语义、句法知识的增强和阅读技能的提高，阅读速度逐渐同理解速度同步发展，读得越好，理解也越快，解题能力就越强！

高考语文阅读理解的技巧和方法

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高考英语阅读理解考前训练

高考语文阅读理解的技巧和方法：

一、叙述人称

1、第一人称：叙述亲切自然，能自由地表达思想感情，给读者以真实生动之感。并更能引起读者情感的共鸣！

2、第二人称：增强文章的抒情性和亲切感，便于感情交流。

3、第三人称：能比较直接客观地展现丰富多彩的生活，不受时间和空间限制，反映现实比较灵活自由。

二、叙述方式

1、顺叙：能按某一顺序（时间或空间）较清楚地进行记叙。

2、倒叙：造成悬念，引人入胜。

3、插叙：对主要情节或中心事件做必要的铺垫照应，补充说明，使情节更加完整，结构更加严密，内容更加充实丰满。

4、补叙：对上文内容加以补充解释，对下文做某些交代。

5、平叙：俗称“花开两枝，各表一朵”，（指叙述两件或多件同时发生的事）使头绪清楚，照应得体。

三、描写

总体来说，描写有以下一些作用：再现自然风光。描绘人物的外貌及内心世界。交代人物活动的自然及社会环境。

1、人物肖像、动作描写、心理描写：更好展现人物的内心世界、性格特征。

2、景物描写：具体描写自然风光，营造一种气氛，烘托人物的情感和思想。

3、环境、场面描写：交代人物活动的背景，写明事件发生的时间和地点，渲染气氛，更好地表现人物。

4、人物对话描写、心理描写、细节描写：刻画人物性格，反映人物心理活动，促进故事情节的发展。也可描摹人物的语态，收到一种特殊的效果。

5、正面描写、侧面描写：正面直接表现人物、事物；侧面烘托突出人物、事物。

四、修辞

1、比喻：化平淡为生动，化深奥为浅显，化抽象为具体。

2、比拟：给物赋予人的形态情感（指拟人），描写生动形象，表意丰富。

3、借代：以简代繁，以实代虚，以奇代凡。

4、夸张：烘托气氛，增强感染力，增强联想；创造气氛，揭示本质，给人以启示。

5、对偶：便于吟诵，易于记忆，使词句有音乐感；表意凝练，抒情酣畅。

6、排比：节奏鲜明，内容集中，增强气势；叙事透辟，条分缕析；长于抒情。

7、反复：写景抒情感染力强；承上启下，分清层次；多次强调，给人以深刻的印象。

8、对比：使所表现的事物特征或所阐述的道理观点更鲜明、更突出。

9、设问：自问自答，提出问题，引发读者的思考。

10、反问：强调语气，语气强烈，强化情感。

五、结构安排

布局谋篇的技巧：开门见山、首尾呼应、卒章显志、伏笔照应、层层深入、过度铺垫、设置线索；结构严密，完整匀称；烘托铺垫，前后照应；设置悬念，制造波澜，起承转合，曲折有致。

材料和中心的关系的处理，主次详略是否得当；材料是否典型、真实、新颖、有力。

记叙文常以时间推移、空间转换、情景变化、思维逻辑顺序等来安排层次。散文构思的线索，一般常见的有如下几种：以情为线索；以理为线索；以物为线索；以空间位置为线索。

高考语文散文阅读最全答题攻略

高考英语阅读理解考前训练

　高考英语阅读理解所选材料题材、体裁多样，上至天文，下至地理，都有可能涉及;所以大家在备考时要多做练习，熟悉各种题材。为了帮助大家，我整理了一些高考英语阅读理解题，希望能帮到大家!

英语阅读理解1

　SINGAPORE-Another Thai worker died in his sleep last Friday, the second such death in the past three days and the 10th since the beginning of the year. Thongehai Sombattra, 22, is said to be the youngest to have died mysteriously this year. A total of 10 young Thai construction workers in their late 20s and 30s who appeared well and healthy when they went to bed have died since the beginning of this year. They were either found dead in the morning or had died suddenly in the middle on the night after some difficulty in breathing.

　From China Daily, March 19,1990

　1. According to the passage ______.

　A. Ten people died mysteriously during the last three days

　B. Two people died mysteriously during the last three days

　C. Two people have died mysteriously since the beginning of the year

　D. Ten people died mysteriously before last Friday

　2. During the past three days, Thongchai Sombattra died last Friday, the other passed away ______.

　A. last Monday B. last Thursday C. last Thursday D. last Sunday

　3. Thongchai Sombattra, who died mysteriously, _______.

　A. was aged 22 B. was in his mid twenties

　C. was not more than 20 years old D. was nearly 30 years old

　4. Besides Thongchai Sombattra, the others could be _______.

　A. from 25 years old to 38 years old B. from 20 years old to 39 years old

　C. from 21 years old to 39 years old D. from 29 years old to 38 years old

　5. ______ caused the ten Thai construction workers? death.

　A. An unexpected accident B. High blood pressure

　C. Heart trouble D. Something that was unknown

英语阅读理解2

　The man sitting opposite Robert was the Financial Controller. Everybody called him ?the FC? for short. He made all the decisions about money. Robert needed some more. That was why he had to see him. The two men did not get on very well. In fact, they had always disliked each other.

　?Your request is out of the question,? the FC said. Robert had difficulty in controlling himself, but he managed somehow. He explained that he wanted the money in order to make more programmes.

　?And why do you want to do that? the FC asked sharply. Again, Robert almost lost his temper. ?Because more and more people are listening to my department?s programmes. There?s great demand for them,? he answered.

　The FC did not seem to believe him. But Robert had a report on the numbers of listeners to all EBC programmes. The FC became less confident (自信). Robert threw the report down on the table and told him to read it.

　The FC looked at it in silence. The figures (数字) proved that he had been wrong, but he did not want to admit it. ?Well,?he finally said, ?I may have made a small mistake.?Robert noticed the word ?may.? He got up to leave. But he had the feeling that he would get the money after all.

　1. In the story the Financial Controller was a person who was in charge of

　A. Robert?s department?s programmes. B. EBC programmes.

　C. EBC money. D. both B and C.

　2. ?Your request is out of the question.?Here ?out of the question?means

　A. without any questionB. with some question. C. impossible. D. possible.

　3. Robert decided to make more programmes because

　A. he wanted to meet the needs of the listeners.

　B. ?the FC?disliked him

　C. the members of his department wanted him to do so.

　D. he wanted to show himself off.

　4. Why were more and more people listening to Robert?s programmes?

　A. Because he always lost his temper (脾气).

　B. Because he disliked ?the FC.?

　C. Because the programmes were rich and to the taste of the listeners.

　D. We don?t know.

　5. Who do you think won the argument(争论)in the end?

　A. The Financial Controller. B. Robert. C. Nobody. D. The listeners.

英语阅读理解3

　Not many years ago, a wealthy and rather strange old man named Johnson lived alone in a village in the south of England. He had made a lot of money in trading with foreign countries. When he was seventy?five, he gave ? 12,000 to the village school to buy land and equipment (设备) for a children?s playground.

　As a result of his kindness, many people came to visit him. Among them was a newspaperman. During their talk, Johnson remarked that he was seventy-five and expected to live to be a hundred. The newspaperman asked him how he managed to be healthy at seventy?five. Johnson had a sense of humour (幽默). He liked whisky (威士忌酒) and drank some each day. ?I have an injection (注射) in my neck each evening.?he told the newspaperman, thinking of his evening glass of whisky.

　The newspaperman did not understand what Johnson meant. In his newspaper he reported that Johnson was seventy?five and had a daily injection in his neck. Within a week Johnson received thousands of letters from all over Britain, asking him for the secret of his daily injection.

　1. Johnson became a rich man through

　A. doing business. B. making whisky. C. cheating. D. buying and selling land.

　2. The gift of money to the school suggests that Johnson

　A. had no children. B. was a strange man.

　C. was very fond of children. D. wanted people to know how rich he was.

　3. Many people wrote to Johnson to find out

　A. what kind of whisky he had. B. how to live longer.

　C. how to become wealthy. D. in which part of the neck to have an injection.

　4. The newspaperman

　A. should have reported what Johnson had told him.

　B. shouldn?t have asked Johnson what injection he had.

　C. was eager to live a long life.

　D. should have found out what Johnson really meant.

　5. When Johnson said he had an injection in his neck each evening, he really meant that

　A. he liked drinking a glass of whisky in the evening.

　B. he needed an injection in the neck.

　C. a daily injection in the evening would make him sleep well.

　D. there was something wrong with his neck.

　参考答案：

　1B 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 D

　1C 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 B

　1A 2 C 3 D 4 D 5 A

;

高考英语阅读理解训练

高考语文散文阅读题时很容易失分的一部分，下面我跟大家分享一下高考语文散文阅读解题技巧，希望对你有帮助。

高考语文散文阅读解题常见题型

(一)、语句作用题

分析高考语文散文阅读句子的作用：主要从内容或表达效果和在文句结构上的作用两个方面去分析。

看高考语文散文阅读语句的作用，要看本身的作用，与标题、开头、上文、下文、结尾的作用，看它在文章中的地位。

我推荐： 2017年高考语文作文万能简短素材

(二)、段落作用题

语句、段落命题特色

1、作用分析题是指高考语文散文阅读题干带有“作用”或“好(妙)处”等词语，命题指向于分析综合的一种常见题型。

2、这种题型具体的命题指向有二：一是某处句子(位置或在开头或在结尾)的作用;二是文中所用材料，如详写的内容、引用的材料或其他穿插性材料。

3、这种高考语文散文阅读题型考查角度分单向和多向两种。单向考查为只考内容或结构或表达技巧。多向考查为同时考查内容和结构两方面作用，或结构表达和表达技巧两方面作用。单向考查题干中直接出现“结构(内容)作用”，双向考查题干只笼统地问“有什么作用”或“对文章的表达作用”。

4、常见提问方式

(1)、句、段作用分析：画线句子(或开头、结尾)有什么作用(好处)?在结构中有什么作用?对文章的表达有什么作用?变式提问：开头为什么从××××写起?作者写这些句子(节)的用意是什么?

(2)、文中材料作用分析：文章写××××内容有什么作用(好处)?

变式提问：这样写的好处是什么?

5、高考语文散文阅读无论哪种命题指向或提问角度，答题时必须联系文章整体，答案要具体、周全。语句、段落作用分析题总结：作用分析题主要是针对分析综合考点而设置的常见题型。

要做好这种题型,须从三个方面建立模式：

1.知识模式(储备)

(1)、首句(段)——统领全文，提纲挈领，引出下文，为后文铺垫，埋下伏笔。

尾句(段)——总结全文，深化主题，照应上文，前后呼应，言有尽而意无穷。

转承句(段)——承上启下，过渡，承接上文，引出下文。

中心句(段)——点明中心，揭示主旨。

点睛句(段)——点明全文中心，统领下文;句子含意深刻，耐人寻味，读后能给人以启迪。

情感句(段)——抒发强烈内在情感，直抒胸臆。

矛盾句(段)——从字面上看自相矛盾，但作者却寄寓了深刻的用意。揭示深刻内涵，表达深刻见解。

(2)、高考语文散文阅读主体材料及穿插性材料作用：主体材料可更好地表现主旨;穿插性材料对主体性材料起着补充、丰富、拓展的作用，行文更活泼，曲折有致，丰富或深化主旨。

2、思维模式

(1)、位置定位。句段在高考语文散文阅读文中、段中的位置不同，其作用不同。材料所在段落的范围。这些都是答作用题首先要思考的。

(2)、把握句段、材料的基本内容，以此作答，这是前提。

(3)、抓住句段及材料在上下文中的关联作用。即使题干上没有要求说“具体”作用，在答题中也切不可笼统回答“承上启下”。

(4)、根据不同文本的内容安排，有时还要结合表现手法所起的作用考虑结构作用。这类手法的作用还有“对比”“衬托”等。

3、答题模式

结构上：常见的表现手法

1..承上启下：既承接了上文……，又引起了下文……，由……过渡到……(物人，景情，事理)，由……转而写到……

2.引起下文：为下文写……埋下伏笔，为下文写……张本，为……进行了铺垫，呼应下文……，奠定了文章的感情基调

3.总结上文：呼应上文……，点明了全文的主旨，并进一步……，卒章显志，表达了……

4.线索：贯穿全文的线索，在高考语文散文阅读文中X次出现，层层递进，逐层深入，把……感情推向

内容上：是为了写什么或为了说明什么(主要内容或主题)，抒发了作者……情感，表现手法、用得比较生动的词句及其表达效果

(2)、关于引文(引述、穿插性材料)在原文中的作用的答题模式。

①对当前语段的内容作用;

②对全文的作用;

③丰富文章内容或富有诗意等。

④增加权威性、文学性、历史性、文化性(视文体和功能而定，不要完全罗列)。

(三)、人称作用题

知识储备

三种人称的作用

第一人称：便于直接抒情，自由表达思想感情;有亲切感;可以把文中的人物、事件写得好像是“我”的亲身经历，增强高考语文散文阅读文章的真实感;便于直接表达“我”内心的喜怒哀乐，亲切自然。

第二人称：

①拉近与读者或作品中形象的距离，便于作者与之直接对话和沟通交流;

②便于高考语文散文阅读作者的感情抒发;

③在所写对象为物时，起到拟人化的修辞效果。一般书信、诗歌和赞颂、悼念的文章的使用。

第三人称：直接表现生活，不受时空限制，灵活自如。作者以旁观者的身份向读者作客观的叙述，便于反映更广阔的画面和更丰富的内容。

散文阅读常见考点

考点1.写什么(文章的主要内容)

考点2.为什么写(写作意图，即 文章要表达的情、理、观点)

考点3.怎么写(作者的行文思路，先写什---再写什么---后写什么)

高考语文散文阅读要理解句子的深层含义，有深层含义的句子往往使用了某种修辞或写作手法，故意将高考语文散文阅读句子的真实含义隐藏，就好像为它遮上了一层面纱。理解句子的深层含义，就应先看清它所借用的“隐身”术，有的放矢地去分析。

高考英语阅读理解题及参考答案

高考英语阅读理解精品训练2017

　近几年高考英语阅读主要有猜测词义、理解主旨大意、推理判断、对文章的细节理解、 数据推算等几种题型。为了帮助大家备考高考英语阅读理解题，我分享了一些高考英语阅读理解练习，希望能对大家有所帮助!

阅读理解练习1

　Not many years ago, a wealthy and rather strange old man named Johnson lived alone in a village in the south of England. He had made a lot of money in trading with foreign countries. When he was seventy?five, he gave ? 12,000 to the village school to buy land and equipment (设备) for a children?s playground.

　As a result of his kindness, many people came to visit him. Among them was a newspaperman. During their talk, Johnson remarked that he was seventy-five and expected to live to be a hundred. The newspaperman asked him how he managed to be healthy at seventy?five. Johnson had a sense of humour (幽默). He liked whisky (威士忌酒) and drank some each day. ?I have an injection (注射) in my neck each evening.?he told the newspaperman, thinking of his evening glass of whisky.

　The newspaperman did not understand what Johnson meant. In his newspaper he reported that Johnson was seventy?five and had a daily injection in his neck. Within a week Johnson received thousands of letters from all over Britain, asking him for the secret of his daily injection.

　1. Johnson became a rich man through

　A. doing business. B. making whisky. C. cheating. D. buying and selling land.

　2. The gift of money to the school suggests that Johnson

　A. had no children. B. was a strange man.

　C. was very fond of children. D. wanted people to know how rich he was.

　3. Many people wrote to Johnson to find out

　A. what kind of whisky he had. B. how to live longer.

　C. how to become wealthy. D. in which part of the neck to have an injection.

　4. The newspaperman

　A. should have reported what Johnson had told him.

　B. shouldn?t have asked Johnson what injection he had.

　C. was eager to live a long life.

　D. should have found out what Johnson really meant.

　5. When Johnson said he had an injection in his neck each evening, he really meant that

　A. he liked drinking a glass of whisky in the evening.

　B. he needed an injection in the neck.

　C. a daily injection in the evening would make him sleep well.

　D. there was something wrong with his neck.

阅读理解练习2

　?I?m very tired from working here,?said Jean to her friend Kate,? I?m on my feet from morning to night. For the first quarter of the day, I clean up the counter (柜台) and set the tables. For the next quarter, I help in the kitchen. For the second half of my workday, I take orders at the counters.?

　?Kate, I wish I had your job,?Jean went on. ?For four hours you just sit at the cash register (收款台) taking in money.?

　?But I spend two more hours in the kitchen (厨房) than you do,?said Kate. ?It?s tiring to cook over a hot stove. I don?t think you?d really want my job. In fact, I?d like your job.?

　1. Both Jean and Kate probably work in a

　A. hotel B. library C. lab D. shop

　2. How long did they work every day?

　A. eight hours B. twelve hours. C. Ten hours D. Nine hours

　3. How long did Kate spend in the kitchen?

　A. a quarter day. B. A half day. C. One-third day. D. Three-fourths day.

　4. From this passage we can see that

　A. they are both interested in their work. B. their work is neither tiring nor busy.

　C. both of them are tired of their work. D. they?ve decided to give up their work.

　5. Give a proper proverb (谚语) to Jean and Kate.

　A. It?s never too late to learn.

　B. It?s no use crying over spilt milk.

　C. The grass is always greener on the other side.

　D. One swallow(燕子) does not make a summer.

阅读理解练习3

　In 1985 a French television company sent its reporters to the Paris Metro. They took cameras to see what passengers would do if they saw someone attached on the platform or in the trains. They acted out incidents. The incidents looked real but they were all done with the help of actors. However, very few people tried to help, and most passengers pretended not to notice. in one incident, a foreigner was attacked by three men. The attack was on a train which was quite full, and although one man tried to get the passengers to help, they all refused. It seems that such behaviour(行为) is not unusual, but the question is why? Is it a problem of big cities, or would the same thing happen anywhere? To discuss these questions, we have in the studio(演播室) Professor Wilson, who is an expert on the subject?

　1. Who did the experiment?

　A. A French television company. B. The Paris Metro.

　C. The City Government of Paris. D. Professor Wilson.

　2. What did the experiment try to find out?

　A. How a foreigner was attacked on the train.

　B. How passengers helped each other on the platform.

　C. Passengers? reactions towards incidents.

　D. Actors? performances during incidents.

　3. What was the finding of the experiment?

　A. Passengers helped a lot during incidents.

　B. Very few foreigners were on the train.

　C. Very few passengers tried to help during incidents.

　D. Some people were good at acting on the train.

　4. Who do the underlined words one man refer to?

　A. One of the three men who attacked a foreigner.

　B. One of the actors who took part in the experiment.

　C. One of the passengers who were on the train.

　D. One of the reporters who were sent to the Paris Metro.

　参考答案：

　1A 2 C 3 D 4 D 5 A

　1A 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 C

　1D 2 C 3 C 4 B

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高考语文阅读理解解题技巧

　在阅读过程中，为了既迅速又准确地理解代章的含义，利用信号词预测非常重要。信号词可以揭示句子内在关系或代章各部分之间的关系。特别是在快速阅读时，它能帮助考生预测代章信息，提高阅读速度。

　第一篇：

　Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have experienced an ?agricultural revolution?. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.

　One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock (家畜) to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for pig producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.

　Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real ?mechanized hired hand? that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that computer-aided robots will make shocking changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear (修剪) sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete change of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.

　1. According to the passage, computers can not help farmers decide _______.

　A. how much money they can earn from their products

　B. whether to plant a certain kind of crop

　C. what livestock to raise

　D. when to sell their products

　2. Which of the following statements is true?

　A. Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers.

　B. Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present.

　C. Both computers and robots have been in use on today?s farms.

　D. Students at agricultural colleges needn?t take their normal agricultural courses.

　3.What is the best title for the whole passage?

　A. Computer, Farmers? Best Friend

　B. Farmers in The Future

　C. The Agricultural Revolution

　D. Computers and Robots

　第二篇：

　History is full of cases where dreams have been a pathway to creativity and discovery. A striking example is provided by Dr. Otto Loewi, a pharmacologist (药理学家) and winner of a Nobel Prize. Loewi had spent years studying the chemical transmission of nerve impulses (脉搏). A tremendous breakthrough in his research came when he dreamed of an experiment three nights in a row. The first two nights he woke up and wrote down the experiment quickly and untidily on paper. But the next morning, he couldn?t tell what the notes meant. On the third night, he got up after having the dream. This time, instead of making notes he went straight to his laboratory and performed the important experiment. Loewi later said that if the experiment had occurred to him while awake he would have rejected it.

　Loewi?s experiment gives some insight into using dreams to produce creative solutions. Nervous feelings are reduced during dreaming, which may be especially useful in solving problems that require a fresh point of view.

　Being able to take advantage of dreams for solving is improved if you ?set? yourself before retiring. Before you go to bed, try to think intently about a problem you wish to solve. Bury yourself in the problem by stating it clearly and reviewing all relevant information. Then use the suggestions listed in the previous section to catch your dreams. Although this method is not guaranteed to produce a novel solution or a new insight, it is certain to be an adventure. About half of a group of college students using the method for a week recalled a dream that helped them solve a personal problem.

　1. The main idea of this passage is that________.

　A. very little is really known about the meaning of dreams

　B. it is possible to "catch" one's dreams by planning before going to sleep

　C. dreams can be useful in producing creative solutions to one's problems

　D. Loewi's experiment helped in the study of transmission of nerve impulses

　2. The first paragraph is mainly organized by________.

　A. classifying types of experiments

　B. summarizing the work of one researcher

　C. comparing and exploring historical cases

　D. telling in time order about one man's researchf

　3. If Loewi had thought of the experiment while awake, he would have________.

　A. asked someone else to do it

　B. thought it was a bad idea

　C. tried it out on his own

　D. thought it was a wise idea

　4. The author probably thinks that________.

　A. Loewi should not have conducted his experiment

　B. dreaming is of very little value to most people

　C. inhibitions may stop someone thinking of useful ideas

　D. college students should not try out dream experiments

　5. The author seems to be in favor of________according to the passage.

　A. seeking creative solutions

　B. avoiding scientific experiments

　C. inhibitions before dreams

　D. becoming a famous scientist

　>>>>>>参考答案<<<<<<

　第一篇：

　1.C. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句中how many live-stock to buy可知表数量。

　2.B. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句可知。

　3.C. 主旨大意题。标题中关键词是 agricultural revolution.

　第二篇：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A

高考英语阅读理解带答案

答语文阅读题的时候适当的运用答题套路可以得到更多的分。接下来是我为大家整理的高三语文阅读答题技巧。

⑴设疑法(悬念法)好处(思维方向)：

①引起读者的思考，吸引读者。

②引出下文的情节。

③突出人物形象。

④揭示小说的主题。

⑵写景法好处(思维方向)：

①交代故事发生的时间、地点。

②暗示社会环境，揭示社会本质特征。

③揭示人物心境，表现人物性格。

④渲染气氛。

⑤推动情节的发展，为刻画人物作铺垫，打基础。

(3)其它还有：开篇点题，统领全文;引出下文，或为下文作铺垫;渲染气氛，奠定基调。这些仅是术语，答题时需根据文章内容、结构、效果等方面作答。

　阅读是一种主动的过程，是由阅读者根据不同的目的加以调节控制的,陶冶人们的情操，提升自我修养。阅读是一种理解、领悟、吸收、鉴赏、评价和探究文章的思维过程。阅读可以改变思想、获取知识，从而可能改变命运。下面为大家带来了高考英语阅读理解带答案，欢迎大家参考阅读！

　Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a tops. The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847 an order for stamps was sent to a London printer — Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to issue stamps.Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius’ Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the invitations. A local printer was instructed to copy the design for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words “Post Office” instead of “Post Paid” on the several hundred stamps that he printed.Today there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds and twelve Two Penny Blues. Because of the Two Penny Blue’s rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as ＄16 800 for it.

　1. Over a century ago, Mauritius _______.

　A. was an independent country

　B. belonged to India

　C. was one of the British colonies

　D. was a small island in the Pacific Ocean

　2. The mistake on the stamps was made _______.

　A. in Mauritius

　B. at Mauritius Government House

　C. in a post office

　D. in London

　3. Stamp collectors have paid 16 800 for _______.

　A. fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds

　B. twelve Two Penny Blues

　C. one One Penny Orange-Red

　D. one Two Penny Blue

　答案与解析 本文讲述的是本来不值钱的邮票由于印刷错误却使其价值倍增。

　1. C。事实细节题。根据第2段第1句… more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean可知答案为C。

　2. A。事实细节题。根据第2段第1句The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius可知答案选A。

　3. D。事实细节题。根据文章最后一句Because of the Two Penny Blue’s rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as $16 800 for it 可知答案为D。

　拓展：高考英语阅读理解攻略

　一、细节题型

　提问方式

　Wh-特殊问句; From the text…，According to…，True/not true,划线词语、句子，简单计算、排列事件顺序、识图等。

　解题方法

　抓住提问中的关键字眼，仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容，一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。

　注意排除下列干扰项：

　(1)扩缩范围

　文章为了表达得准确严密，很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制，如涉及到数量时常用many,almost all,nearly,more than,over,only a few,normally等限制。有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。

　(2)偷换概念

　命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。

　(3)正误并存

　在一干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。要排除这类干扰项，只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面，都属排除的干扰项。

　二、主旨大意题型

　提问方式

　What' s the topic/subject of the text/the second paragraph?

　What is stated in…? The text is cheifly concerned with_______。

　解题方法

　(1)最常用的方法是仔细研读短文的1、2两句-----即短文的主题句，或辅以阅读各段的第1、2句----即段落中心句。此方法多适用于说明文、议论文。

　(2)记叙文等需要通读全文，抓住关键事或论题来归纳意思(常说明一个道理)。

　(3)全文末尾(段)找答案。此类文章的特点是以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点。

　在处理文章标题的`选择时，要避免下列三种错误：

　①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小);②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);③以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。

　三、推理判断题型

　提问方式

　The story suggests that___________. It can be inferred that_____________.

　The story implies that _____________. It can be concluded that __________.

　We can learn that _______________.

　解题方法

　推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。

　注意点

　(1)那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。

　(2)推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知;作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。

　(3)不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断。

　四、词义猜测题

　①利用构词法猜词;

　②利用语境及逻辑关系猜词。有时完全可以利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时特别留心某些词语，例如：or, that is, in other words, including, although, but, or, even if, on the other hand, on the contrary, other than, rather than, more than, instead of等词语之后的内容。